Potential Activity of Albino Grifola frondosa Mushroom Extract against Biofilm of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characterization Albino G. frondosa
2.2. Bacterial Isolates and Growth Conditions
2.3. Quantification of Biofilm Formation
2.4. Biofilms Susceptibility Testing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Sample | n° of Strains |
---|---|
Blood | 10 |
Catheter | 12 |
Sputum | 7 |
Wound | 9 |
Urine | 5 |
Biopsy | 6 |
Total | 49 |
(Biofilm + GF) Group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biofilm Group | Absent | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Total |
Absent | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.0%) |
Weak | 13 (26.5%) | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (30.6%) |
Moderate | 4 (8.2%) | 4 (8.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (16.3%) |
Strong | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.1%) | 8 (16.3%) | 15 (30.6%) | 25 (51.0%) |
Total | 18 (36.7%) | 8 (16.3%) | 8 (16.3%) | 15 (30.6%) | 49 |
Type | Biofilm Group | (Biofilm + GF) Group |
---|---|---|
Global OD (Mean ± SD) | ||
Mean ± SD | 0.42 ± 0.32 | 0.21 ± 0.17 |
(min-Max) | (0.04–1.13) | (0.03–0.59) |
Median (CI at 95%) | 0.32 (0.16–0.53) | 0.12 (0.08–0.27) |
Global category | ||
Mean ± SD | 3.16 ± 0.94 | 2.41 ± 1.27 |
(min-Max) | (1–4) | (1–4) |
Median (CI at 95%) | 4 (3–4) | 2 (1.17–3) |
Group | Test of Normality |
---|---|
Biofilm group | Global OD: p < 0.0001 *, (C) |
Biofilm + GF group | Global OD: p < 0.0001 *, (C) |
Type (mean and median) | biofilm vs. (biofilm +GF) |
Global OD (mean) | 0.42 > 0.21, p < 0.0001 * (W) |
Global category (OD category: median) | 4 > 2, p < 0.0001 * (W) |
Type (percentages) | biofilm vs. (biofilm +GF) |
Absent | 2.0% < 36.7%, p < 0.0001 * (M) |
Weak | 30.6% > 16.3%, p = 0.18 (M) |
Moderate | 16.3% = 16.3%, p < 0.0001 * (M) |
Strong | 51.0% > 30.6%, p = 0.002 * (M) |
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Fasciana, T.; Gargano, M.L.; Serra, N.; Galia, E.; Arrigo, I.; Tricoli, M.R.; Diquattro, O.; Graceffa, G.; Vieni, S.; Venturella, G.; et al. Potential Activity of Albino Grifola frondosa Mushroom Extract against Biofilm of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070551
Fasciana T, Gargano ML, Serra N, Galia E, Arrigo I, Tricoli MR, Diquattro O, Graceffa G, Vieni S, Venturella G, et al. Potential Activity of Albino Grifola frondosa Mushroom Extract against Biofilm of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(7):551. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070551
Chicago/Turabian StyleFasciana, Teresa, Maria Letizia Gargano, Nicola Serra, Elena Galia, Ignazio Arrigo, Maria Rita Tricoli, Orazia Diquattro, Giuseppa Graceffa, Salvatore Vieni, Giuseppe Venturella, and et al. 2021. "Potential Activity of Albino Grifola frondosa Mushroom Extract against Biofilm of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7: 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070551