Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) Pretreatment of Whole Corn Kernels for Cellulosic Ethanol Production from the Fiber Fractions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Pretreatment of Corn Kernels
2.2.2. Ethanol Fermentation
2.2.3. Analytical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Aqueous Ammonia Treatment of Corn
3.2. Ethanol Fermentation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Content (wt%, Dry Basis) |
---|---|
Glucan | 17.51 ± 0.47 |
Xylan | 14.00 ± 0.46 |
Arabinan | 8.65 ± 0.32 |
Lignin | 20.09 ± 0.15 |
Ash | 0.16 ± 0.02 |
Concentration of NH4OH Solution (wt%) | 2.5 | 5 | 7.5 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mass of starting corn (g dry basis) | 263.43 | 260.40 | 260.66 | 260.48 |
Mass of treated corn after washing (g dry basis) | 256.46 | 252.42 | 246.65 | 246.47 |
Mass loss (% of original mass) | 2.65 | 3.06 | 5.37 | 5.38 |
Experiment | Final Ethanol Concentration (g/L) | Yield (g Ethanol/kg Treated Corn) | Yield (g Ethanol/kg Raw Corn) |
---|---|---|---|
Corn treated with 2.5 wt% ammonia without cellulase | 103.91 ± 1.05 | 349.9 ± 3.1 | 340.7 ± 3.0 |
Corn treated with 2.5 wt% ammonia with cellulase | 106.31 ± 0.76 | 359.3 ± 2.2 | 349.7 ± 2.2 |
Corn treated with 5 wt% ammonia without cellulase | 108.79 ± 0.24 | 369.0 ± 0.7 | 357.7 ± 0.7 |
Corn treated with 5 wt% ammonia with cellulase | 110.83 ± 0.58 | 377.0 ± 1.7 | 365.5 ± 1.6 |
Corn treated with 7.5 wt% ammonia without cellulase | 112.16 ± 1.40 | 382.3 ± 4.1 | 361.7 ± 3.9 |
Corn treated with 7.5 wt% ammonia with cellulase | 116.84 ± 0.36 | 401.0 ± 1.1 | 379.5 ± 1.0 |
Corn treated with 7.5 wt% ammonia with cellulase plus urea | 114.69 ± 1.0 | 392.4 ± 3.7 | 371.3 ± 3.5 |
Corn treated with 10 wt% ammonia without cellulase | 104.86 ± 0.36 | 353.6 ± 2.9 | 334.6 ± 2.8 |
Corn treated with 10 wt% ammonia with cellulase | 112.98 ± 0.54 | 385.6 ± 1.1 | 364.8 ± 1.0 |
Untreated corn without cellulase | 99.84 ± 1.67 | 334.2 ± 1.6 | |
Untreated corn with cellulase | 102.64 ± 1.25 | 345.0 ± 4.9 |
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Norvell, K.L.; Nghiem, N.P. Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) Pretreatment of Whole Corn Kernels for Cellulosic Ethanol Production from the Fiber Fractions. Fermentation 2018, 4, 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4040087
Norvell KL, Nghiem NP. Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) Pretreatment of Whole Corn Kernels for Cellulosic Ethanol Production from the Fiber Fractions. Fermentation. 2018; 4(4):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4040087
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorvell, Katherine L., and Nhuan P. Nghiem. 2018. "Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) Pretreatment of Whole Corn Kernels for Cellulosic Ethanol Production from the Fiber Fractions" Fermentation 4, no. 4: 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4040087