StepTest4all: Improving the Prediction of Cardiovascular Capacity Assessment in Young Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Physical Activity Level (PAlevel)
- -
- Low Level: Participants whose energy expenditure does not reach PAlevel.
- -
- Moderate Level: (a) Three or more days of vigorous physical activity for at least 20 min per day; or (b) five or more days of moderate, vigorous, or walking for at least 30 min per day; or (c) five or more days of PA per week (moderate, vigorous, walking, or the sum of PA) for at least 600 MET min each week.
- -
- High Level: At least (a) three days of vigorous physical activity with an energy expenditure of 1500 MET-min/week, or (b) complete at least seven days of physical activity that includes walking, moderate PA, and vigorous PA with an energy expenditure of at least 3000 MET-min/week.
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. StepTest4all Protocol
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Equation Group | Validation Group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± 1 SD | Mean ± 1 SD | |||||
Women (n = 17) | Men (n = 13) | Total | Women (n = 10) | Men (n = 29) | Total | |
Age [years] | 20.8 ± 2.3 | 21.6 ± 2.8 | 21.7 ± 2.4 | 23.1 ± 4.8 | 21.7 ± 3.6 | 22.1 ± 3.9 |
Body mass [kg] | 57.0 ± 6.8 | 71.6 ± 7.0 | 68.7 ± 11.5 | 74.6 ± 18.2 | 72.2 ± 7.6 | 71.8 ± 11.0 |
Height [m] | 1.61 ± 0.04 | 1.77 ± 0.07 | 1.72 ± 0.09 | 1.68 ± 0.07 | 1.77 ± 0.07 | 1.74 ± 0.08 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 22.0 ± 3.1 | 22.8 ± 1.6 | 23.3 ± 3.7 | 26.7 ± 6.9 | 23.2 ± 2.3 | 24.1 ± 4.2 |
HRR60 [bpm] | 36 ± 9 | 36 ± 11 | 36 ± 10 | 37 ± 10 | 38 ± 11 | 38 ± 11 |
VO2max [mL·kg−1·min−1] | 32.86 ± 4.95 | 45.03 ± 8.19 | 39.83 ± 9.38 | 32.95 ± 9.20 | 43.97 ± 8.19 | 41.14 ± 9.65 |
HRRrest [bpm] | 83 ± 11 | 67 ± 11 | 76 ± 13 | 78 ± 12 | 69 ± 11 | 71 ± 12 |
VO2rest [mL·kg−1·min−1] | 3.53 ± 0.56 | 3.97 ± 0.67 | 3.73 ± 0.64 | 3.17 ± 0.92 | 3.44 ± 0.61 | 3.37 ± 0.70 |
Equation Group | Validation Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Women (n = 17) | Men (n = 13) | Women (n = 10) | Men (n = 29) | |
PAlevel | ||||
1 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 3 |
2 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 17 |
3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 9 |
Measured VO2max [mL·kg−1·min−1] | Estimated VO2max [mL·kg−1·min−1] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± 1 SD | Mean ± 1 SD | Mean Difference (95% CI) | t-Test (p Value) | d [Descriptor] |
41.14 ± 9.65 | 41.48 ± 6.94 | −0.345 (−2.767 to 2.076) | −0.289 (0.774) | 0.04 [trivial] |
CVC Classification | HRR60 | Men | Women | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VO2max | McArdle et al., 2003 [52] | VO2max | McArdle et al., 2003 [52] | ||
Poor | <25 | <40 | <36.5 | <28 | <29 |
Moderate | 25–39 | 42–44.2 | 36.5–42.4 | 28–32.2 | 29–32 |
Good | 40–54 | 44.3–49 | 42.5–46.4 | 32.3–36.9 | 33–36 |
Excellent | ≥55 | ≥49 | ≥46.5 | ≥37 | ≥37 |
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Sampaio, T.; Morais, J.E.; Bragada, J.A. StepTest4all: Improving the Prediction of Cardiovascular Capacity Assessment in Young Adults. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010030
Sampaio T, Morais JE, Bragada JA. StepTest4all: Improving the Prediction of Cardiovascular Capacity Assessment in Young Adults. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(1):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010030
Chicago/Turabian StyleSampaio, Tatiana, Jorge E. Morais, and José A. Bragada. 2024. "StepTest4all: Improving the Prediction of Cardiovascular Capacity Assessment in Young Adults" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 1: 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010030