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Article

Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Young Cannabis Users: A Nationwide Analysis

School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hearts 2024, 5(4), 421-428; https://doi.org/10.3390/hearts5040030
Submission received: 30 April 2024 / Revised: 19 September 2024 / Accepted: 20 September 2024 / Published: 27 September 2024

Abstract

Background: With the growing trends in recreational marijuana use, our study aims at analyzing the association between acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and ventricular fibrillation (Vfib) and cannabis use disorder in young adults (18–45). Methods: Young adult hospitalizations (18–45 years) with documented ACS/ventricular fibrillation and documented cannabis use were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (2019). Primary outcomes included prevalence and odds of ACS/ventricular fibrillation with cannabis use disorder. Patient factors that held significant association with adverse cardiovascular events in young cannabis users were studied. Propensity scoring and neighbor matching were used to compare resource utilization and in-hospital outcomes in the study population. Results: Among young patients (18–45) admitted for ACS, documented cannabis use disorder (CUD) had a statistically significant association with an odds ratio of 2.29 (2.48–3.04) after adjusting for age, sex, race, household income, smoking, cocaine use, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Documented CUD had a significant association with ventricular fibrillation in the population with an odds ratio of 2.29 (1.51–3.49) after adjusting for the above-mentioned factors. Among admissions with documented CUD, patient factors that held significant association with admitting diagnosis of ACS/Vfib were: black race (OR: 1.73), uncontrolled hypertension (OR: 4.08) and diabetes (OR: 2.45). Propensity-matched cohorts with documented CUD and ACS had significantly higher mean length of hospital stay 3.28 (2.98–3.53) days when compared to the cohort without documented CUD, 2.69 (2.32–2.82) days. The mean of total hospital charges was higher in the cohort with documented CUD at $92,390.64 (92,240.31–92,445.76) compared to $90,886.44 (89,932.21–91,042.56) in the cohort without cannabis use disorder. Conclusions: Documented diagnosis of cannabis use disorder had statistically significant association with admission diagnosis of ACS/Vfib even after accounting for confounders. A documented race as black and co-existing diagnosis of uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes had a significant association with admission diagnosis of ACS in the population with documented cannabis use disorder. Propensity-matched cohorts with cannabis use disorder with the main admitting diagnosis of ACS/Vfib were associated with a higher mean length of hospital stay and a higher mean of total charges compared to the matched cohorts without documented cannabis use disorder.
Keywords: cannabis use disorder; ACS; ventricular fibrillation cannabis use disorder; ACS; ventricular fibrillation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Joseph Varughese, V.; Mathai, Y.; Joseph, C.; Carlyle, L. Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Young Cannabis Users: A Nationwide Analysis. Hearts 2024, 5, 421-428. https://doi.org/10.3390/hearts5040030

AMA Style

Joseph Varughese V, Mathai Y, Joseph C, Carlyle L. Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Young Cannabis Users: A Nationwide Analysis. Hearts. 2024; 5(4):421-428. https://doi.org/10.3390/hearts5040030

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joseph Varughese, Vivek, Yoshua Mathai, Cara Joseph, and Logan Carlyle. 2024. "Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Young Cannabis Users: A Nationwide Analysis" Hearts 5, no. 4: 421-428. https://doi.org/10.3390/hearts5040030

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