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Receptors, Volume 3, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 2 articles

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13 pages, 2240 KiB  
Review
Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers
by Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares, Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera, Ricardo Hernández-Barrientos, Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón, María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez and Jonathan Puente-Rivera
Receptors 2024, 3(4), 444-456; https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors3040022 - 14 Oct 2024
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Abstract
This review focuses on the pivotal roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in driving endocrine resistance in prostate and breast cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) amplification, mutations, and altered coactivator interactions sustain tumor growth under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), leading to [...] Read more.
This review focuses on the pivotal roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in driving endocrine resistance in prostate and breast cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) amplification, mutations, and altered coactivator interactions sustain tumor growth under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Orphan NRs like RORβ, TLX, and COUP-TFII further contribute to CRPC by regulating stemness and therapeutic resistance mechanisms. In breast cancer, NRs, including estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), modulate estrogen signaling pathways and alternative survival mechanisms like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NFκB, promoting resistance to endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen. Understanding these NR-mediated mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapies to overcome endocrine resistance and improve patient outcomes in hormone-dependent cancers. Full article
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19 pages, 2436 KiB  
Review
Receptor-Based Strategies for Overcoming Resistance in Cancer Therapy
by Naresh Sah, Abdul Althaf Shaik, Ganesh Acharya, Manikantha Dunna, Ashok Silwal, Sejal Sharma, Sabiha Khan and Sounak Bagchi
Receptors 2024, 3(4), 425-443; https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors3040021 - 24 Sep 2024
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Abstract
This review article explores the fundamental role of receptor targeting in overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy, an area of critical concern given the persistently high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality globally. We highlight how receptor biology intersects with the development of [...] Read more.
This review article explores the fundamental role of receptor targeting in overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy, an area of critical concern given the persistently high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality globally. We highlight how receptor biology intersects with the development of therapeutic resistance with a specific focus on anti-angiogenic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, which directly or indirectly influence receptor pathways. We also explore how other receptor tyrosine kinases can initially suppress tumor growth, yet often lead to resistance, underscoring the need for novel combinatorial approaches that incorporate advanced receptor modulation techniques. Further, the review delves into the mechanisms by which modulation of the tumor microenvironment and immune system via receptor pathways can overcome resistance to traditional immunotherapies. Additionally, emerging technologies in receptor-targeted nanomedicine are also highlighted, showcasing their potential to revolutionize drug delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes by targeting specific receptor interactions. Ultimately, this review calls for a deeper understanding of receptor dynamics to develop more precise interventions, including insights from various healthcare settings that can prevent or circumvent drug resistance, thus enhancing patient outcomes in oncology. Full article
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