The Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM, ISSN: 2077-0383) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI. The International Bone Research Association (IBRA), Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC), Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), Japan Association for Clinical Engineers (JACE), European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine (VAS) and others are all affiliated with JCM, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. The Section “Pulmonology” is dedicated to publishing high-quality original research, reviews or perspectives that contribute to advancing clinical health and medicine.

The Section “Pulmonology” follows the same open access format as the rest of JCM, meaning that you have free and unlimited access to the full texts of all published articles. We invite you to read our most frequently cited papers published in 2021 and 2022 below:

1. “Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Current Pandemic”
by Shiva Rattan Ambardar, Stephanie L. Hightower, Nikhil A. Huprikar, Kevin K. Chung, Anju Singhal and Jacob F. Collen
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(11), 2452; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112452
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/11/2452

2. “Asthma and Obesity: Two Diseases on the Rise and Bridged by Inflammation”
by Marina Bantulà, Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Ebymar Arismendi and César Picado
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(2), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020169
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/2/169

3. “Interstitial Lung Disease at High Resolution CT after SARS-CoV-2-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome According to Pulmonary Segmental Anatomy”
by Elisa Baratella, Barbara Ruaro, Cristina Marrocchio, Natalia Starvaggi, Francesco Salton, Fabiola Giudici, Emilio Quaia, Marco Confalonieri and Maria Assunta Cova
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(17), 3985; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173985
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/17/3985

4. “Management Challenges in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Telehealth and Virtual Reality”
by Sebastian Rutkowski
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(6), 1261; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061261
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/6/1261

5. “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer”
by Klára Szalontai, Nikolett Gémes, József Furák, Tünde Varga, Patrícia Neuperger, József Á. Balog, László G. Puskás and Gábor J. Szebeni
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(13), 2889; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132889
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/13/2889

6. “Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Is Cytotoxic and Increases ACE2 Expression on Human Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)”
by Kielan Darcy McAlinden, Wenying Lu, Parisa Vahidi Ferdowsi, Stephen Myers, James Markos, Josie Larby, Collin Chia, Heinrich C. Weber, Greg Haug, Mathew Suji Eapen et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(5), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051028
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/1028

7. “The Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI): A Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis”
by Angelo Zinellu, Claudia Collu, Mouhamad Nasser, Panagiotis Paliogiannis, Sabrina Mellino, Elisabetta Zinellu, Julie Traclet, Kais Ahmad, Arduino Aleksander Mangoni, Ciriaco Carru et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(18), 4134; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184134
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/18/4134

8. “The Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm)-Score Variation Is an Early-on-Treatment Biomarker of Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Treated with First-Line Pembrolizumab”
by Edoardo Lenci, Luca Cantini, Federica Pecci, Valeria Cognigni, Veronica Agostinelli, Giulia Mentrasti, Alessio Lupi, Nicoletta Ranallo, Francesco Paoloni, Silvia Rinaldi et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(5), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051005
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/1005

9. “Spontaneous Breathing and Evolving Phenotypes of Lung Damage in Patients with COVID-19: Review of Current Evidence and Forecast of a New Scenario”
by Roberto Tonelli, Alessandro Marchioni, Luca Tabbì, Riccardo Fantini, Stefano Busani, Ivana Castaniere, Dario Andrisani, Filippo Gozzi, Giulia Bruzzi, Linda Manicardi et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(5), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10050975
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/975

10. “Coagulative Disorders in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Acute Distress Respiratory Syndrome: A Critical Review”
by Chiara Robba, Denise Battaglini, Lorenzo Ball, Alberto Valbusa, Italo Porto, Roberta Della Bona, Giovanni La Malfa, Nicolò Patroniti, Iole Brunetti, Maurizio Loconte et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010140
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/1/140

11. “Telomeres in Interstitial Lung Disease”
by Carmel J. W. Stock and Elisabetta A. Renzoni
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(7), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071384
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/7/1384

12. “Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Homozygous for the F508del Mutation and Advanced Lung Disease: A 48-Week Observational Study”
by Vincenzo Carnovale, Paola Iacotucci, Vito Terlizzi, Carmela Colangelo, Lorenza Ferrillo, Angela Pepe, Michela Francalanci, Giovanni Taccetti, Serena Buonaurio, Assunta Celardo et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11041021
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/1021

13. “COVID-19 Patients Presenting with Post-Intubation Upper Airway Complications: A Parallel Epidemic?”
by Grigoris Stratakos, Nektarios Anagnostopoulos, Rajaa Alsaggaf, Evangelia Koukaki, Katerina Bakiri, Philip Emmanouil, Charalampos Zisis, Konstantinos Vachlas, Christina Vourlakou and Antonia Koutsoukou
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(6), 1719; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061719
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/6/1719

14. “Etiologic Classification of Diffuse Parenchymal (Interstitial) Lung Diseases”
by Matthias Griese
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(6), 1747; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061747
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/6/1747

15. “Intestinal Inflammation and Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in Cystic Fibrosis: A Review of the Current Evidence, Pathophysiology and Future Directions”
by Rachel Y. Tam, Josie M. van Dorst, Isabelle McKay, Michael Coffey and Chee Y. Ooi
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(3), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030649
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/3/649

16. “Clinical Characteristics of Macrolide-Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Korean Children: A Multicenter Retrospective Study”
by Yun Jung Choi, Eun Hee Chung, Eun Lee, Chul-Hong Kim, Yong Ju Lee, Hyo-Bin Kim, Bong-Seong Kim, Hyung Young Kim, Yoojung Cho, Ju-Hee Seo et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(2), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020306
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/2/306

17. “Oncological Outcomes of Robotic Lobectomy and Radical Lymphadenectomy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer”
by Filippo Tommaso Gallina, Riccardo Tajè, Daniele Forcella, Felicita Corzani, Virna Cerasoli, Paolo Visca, Cecilia Coccia, Federico Pierconti, Isabella Sperduti, Fabiana Letizia Cecere et al.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(8), 2173; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082173
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/8/2173

18. “Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management”
by Lin Tong, Shumin Huang, Chen Zheng, Yuanyuan Zhang and Zhimin Chen
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(10), 2824; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102824
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2824

19. “A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”
by Angelo Zinellu, Elisabetta Zinellu, Maria Carmina Pau, Ciriaco Carru, Pietro Pirina, Alessandro G. Fois and Arduino A. Mangoni
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(12), 3365; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123365
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/12/3365

20. “Are Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Screening Tests Effective in Preventing Pneumonia?”
by Ikuko Okuni and Satoru Ebihara
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(2), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020370
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/2/370