Reprint

Towards Mechanism-based Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome

Edited by
September 2019
250 pages
  • ISBN978-3-03921-505-8 (Paperback)
  • ISBN978-3-03921-506-5 (PDF)

This is a Reprint of the Special Issue Towards Mechanism-based Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome that was published in

Biology & Life Sciences
Computer Science & Mathematics
Medicine & Pharmacology
Public Health & Healthcare
Summary

It has been more than 25 years since the identification of the FMR1 gene and the demonstration of the causative role of CGG-repeat expansion in the disease pathology of fragile X syndrome (FXS), but the underlying mechanisms involved in the expansion mutation and the resulting gene silencing still remain elusive. Our understanding of the pathways impacted by the loss of FMRP function has grown tremendously, and has opened new avenues for targeted treatments for FXS. However, the failure of recent clinical trials that were based on successful preclinical studies using the Fmr1 knockout mouse model has forced the scientific community to revisit clinical trial design and identify objective outcome measures. There has also been a renewed interest in restoring FMR1 gene expression as a possible treatment approach for FXS. This special issue of Brain Sciences highlights the progress that has been made towards understanding the disease mechanisms and how this has informed the development of treatment strategies that are being explored for FXS.

Format
  • Paperback
License and Copyright
© 2019 by the authors; CC BY-NC-ND license
Keywords
fragile X syndrome; clinical trials; targeted treatments; drug development; fragile X syndrome; clinical trials; treatment development; best practices; fragile X syndrome; newborn screening; early identification; fragile X syndrome; X chromosome; females; FMR1; anxiety; avoidance; cognition; behavior; brain; Fragile X; FMRP; Fxr2; Fmr1; fragile X syndrome; executive function; working memory; set-shifting; cognitive flexibility; inhibitory control; attention; planning; processing speed; Fragile X syndrome 1; Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome 2; CRISPR 3; Trinucleotide Repeat 4; Gene editing; fragile X syndrome; FMR1 gene; voice of the person; voice of the patient; characteristics that have the greatest impact; developmental disorders; fragile X syndrome; language development; automated vocal analysis; adeno-associated virus; autism spectrum disorders; cerebral spinal fluid; fragile X mental retardation protein; neurodevelopmental disorders; viral vector; fragile X syndrome; gene reactivation; RNA:DNA hybrid; FMRP; histone methylation; DNA methylation; FMR1; PRC2; fragile X syndrome; unstable repeat diseases; epigenetic gene silencing; DNA methylation; repeat instability; pluripotent stem cells; CGG Repeat Expansion Disease; DNA instability; expansion; contraction; mismatch repair (MMR); base excision repair (BER); transcription coupled repair (TCR); double-strand break repair (DSBR); Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ); mosaicism; protein synthesis; Fragile X Syndrome; biomarker; iPSC; fibroblast; lymphoblast; fragile X syndrome; molecular biomarkers; FMR1; FMRP; intellectual disability; Fmr1 KO mouse; ASD; n/a