Reprint

Dinophysis Toxins: Distribution, Fate in Shellfish and Impacts

Edited by
September 2019
374 pages
  • ISBN978-3-03921-363-4 (Paperback)
  • ISBN978-3-03921-364-1 (PDF)

This book is a reprint of the Special Issue Dinophysis Toxins: Distribution, Fate in Shellfish and Impacts that was published in

Biology & Life Sciences
Medicine & Pharmacology
Public Health & Healthcare
Summary

Several species of Dinophysis produce one or two groups of lipophilic toxins: okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives; or the dinophysistoxins (DTXs) (also known as diarrhetic shellfish poisons or DSP toxins) and pectenotoxins (PTXs). DSP toxins are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases, causing gastrointestinal intoxication in consumers of contaminated seafood. Forty years after the identification of Dinophysis as the causative agent of DSP in Japan, contamination of filter feeding shellfish exposed to Dinophysis blooms is recognized as a problem worldwide. DSP events affect public health and cause considerable losses to the shellfish industry. Costly monitoring programs are implemented in regions with relevant shellfish production to prevent these socioeconomic impacts. Harvest closures are enforced whenever toxin levels exceed regulatory limits (RLs). Dinophysis species are kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates; they feed on ciliates (Mesodinium genus) that have previously acquired plastids from cryptophycean (genera Teleaulax, Plagioselmis, and Geminigera) nanoflagellates. The interactions of Dinophysis with different prey regulate their growth and toxin production. When Dinophysis cells are ingested by shellfish, their toxins are partially biotransformed and bioaccumulated, rendering the shellfish unsuitable for human consumption. DSP toxins may also affect shellfish metabolism. This book covers diverse aspects of the abovementioned topics—from the laboratory culture of Dinophysis and the kinetics of uptake, transformation, and depuration of DSP toxins in shellfish to Dinophysis population dynamics, the monitoring and regulation of DSP toxins, and their impact on the shellfish industry in some of the aquaculture regions that are traditionally most affected, namely, northeastern Japan, western Europe, southern Chile, and New Zealand.

Format
  • Paperback
License
© 2019 by the authors; CC BY-NC-ND licence
Keywords
harmful algal bloom; Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning; okadaic acid; toxin accumulation; toxin vectors; trophic transfer; Brazil; diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST); Mytilus galloprovincialis; DST accumulation; DST esterification; suspended particulate matter (SPM); harmful algal blooms; okadaic acid; Argopecten irradians; transcriptomic response; deep sequencing; pectenotoxins; surf clam; accumulation; biotransformation; depuration; diarrhetic shellfish toxins; accumulation; dinophysistoxin; Japanese scallop; dinophysis; LC/MS/MS; statistical analysis; Dinophysis; HAB monitoring; DSP toxins; aquaculture; shellfish toxicity; human health; time-series; seasonality; Scotland; DSP toxins; bivalves; mussel; resistance; RNA-Seq; qPCR; metabolism; defense; immunity; DSP toxins; pectenotoxins; Dinophysis acuminata; Mesodinium rubrum; bacterial community; high throughput sequencing; diarrhetic shellfish toxins; Dinophysis; wild harvest; bivalve shellfish; pipis (Plebidonax deltoides); Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata); okadaic acid; pectenotoxins; Dinophysis toxins; accumulation; digestion; biotransformation; compartmentalization; depuration; kinetics; Dinophysis; diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; marine toxins; pectenotoxin; okadaic acid; dinophysistoxin; okadaic acid; pectenotoxins; Dinophysis; D. acuminata-complex; D. caudata; Argopecten purpuratus; Dinophysis; Mesodinium; cryptophytes; predator-prey preferences; Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DST); pectenotoxins (PTXs); mixotrophic cultures; mass culture conditions; Dinophysis acuminata; Protoceratium reticulatum; Reloncaví Fjord; OMI analysis; WitOMI analysis; Mesodinium cf. rubrum; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Southern Annual Mode; Dinophysis acuta; Dinophysis acuminata; DSP; physical–biological interactions; niche partitioning; climatic anomaly; Dinophysis acuminata; Mesodinium rubrum; lysate; organic matter; diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; okadaic acid; dinophysistoxin; pectenotoxins; dinophysis; DSP; toxins; OA; DTX-2; PTXs; Dinophysis acuminata; dinophysistoxins; pectenotoxins; Port Underwood; New Zealand; Dinophysis; Diarrhetic shellfish toxins; marine biotoxins; blooms; n/a