1.1.3. Ambient Parameters

Environmental conditions also affect the morphology of the electrospun fibers. For instance, temperature, pressure, and humidity play a unique role. For example, electrospinning under high vacuum may lead to higher electric fields, and thus the formation of larger fiber diameters [23]. On the other hand, Supaphol et al. observed thinner fiber of polyamide-6 at 60 ◦C than at 30 ◦C [24], suggesting that an increase in temperature leads to a reduction in fiber diameter [24]. In addition, surface pores became apparent when electrospinning in an atmosphere with relative humidity higher than 30% [25].

The purpose of this review is to highlight the benefits of employing electrospun and sputtered electrospun polymer nanofibers in current biomedical applications connected to electrospinning and sputtering technologies. Furthermore, a novel approach is discussed for the processing of fibrous materials for different biomedical applications by combining electrospinning and sputtering technologies.
