*2.5. Statistical Analysis*

All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). For the in vivo test, the Student's t-test was used. In the clinical trial, the clinical indices (PD, PI, GI, BOP, GR, MOB, and CAL) were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistical differences between the control and test groups was analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test, and differences were considered statistically significant when the *p*-value was <0.05.
