*β*-lactam Derivatives

These were the most tested, constituting 32.4% of all classes of antimicrobials in this study (Table 4). The β-lactam combinations consisted of β-lactam 27% and β-lactam combinations (β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitors) at 5.4%. The combinations were supposed to improve the sensitivity of the antibiotics against resistant organisms. However, in this study, the organism tested demonstrated higher levels of resistance to β-lactam combinations (19/61) over β-lactam (80/308), which reported very high resistance levels (Table 4, Figure 3a, Figure S6). We observed Amoxycillin-clavunalic acid as one of the most studied β-lactam derivatives, with organisms showing the highest resistance levels to it among the β-lactam combinations, while Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most sensitive, with a lesser proportion of reports of resistance among β-lactam combinations (Tables 3 and 4, Figure 3a). Among the β-lactams, the third generation antibiotics were the most researched, with Ampicillin and Amoxycillin highest in study rate and also with the highest number of reported resistance, with above 50% of reports on them having very high resistance (Figure 3a, Figure S6). Among all β-lactam derivatives, cefalexin in second generation, Ceftioufur in third generation, and ertapenem in NGC were the only antimicrobials that had all reports on them to be "no resistance" (Figure 3a, Figure S6). All other β-lactams had various patterns of resistance level.
