**5. Conclusions**

This study was a follow up of a previous study that determined prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors associated with NTS in Uganda [30]. The occurrence of AMR genes and integrons in *Salmonella enterica* isolates from Ugandan poultry has been unveiled, and through subtyping, the diversity of NTS isolates from three districts in Uganda has been explored.

The study has put into perspective the need to monitor use of antimicrobials and occurrence of AMR genes in farm ecosystems in developing countries, in order to institute measures to contain spread of AMR. Poultry keeping is predicted to continue growing in developing countries and in Uganda it will remain an important economic activity. However, as demonstrated, poultry farm environments remain a significant source of spread of AMR genes. Farmers have to be educated on the adoption of strict biosecurity measures, prudent use of antimicrobials and better management practices. More investigations need to be undertaken to further enhance understanding of the driving forces in farm ecosystems for the development of AMR in important foodborne pathogens like *Salmonella.* This study underscores the need for using the One Health approach to generate data on AMR in *Salmonella* organisms originating from humans, animals, and environmental samples.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/2/324/s1, Figure S1: A map of the study areas, Figure S2: A PFGE dendrogram of all typable isolates including the PFGE banding pattern, Table S1: List of all Salmonella isolates with metadata.

**Acknowledgments:** Funding for this project was provided under the NORHED project No.UGA-13/0031, based at Makerere University and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). Our sincere thanks and gratitude go to professor Eystein Skjerve for overall coordination and logistical support. We are grateful to Henning Sørum for providing the positive controls for the resistance genes. In addition, we acknowledge the technical support and contributions of Aud Kari Fauske, Gaute Skogtun, Kristina Borch-Pedersen, and Kristin O'Sullivan, all from NMBU.

**Author Contributions:** Terence Odoch, Camilla Sekse and Yngvild Wasteson conceptualized and designed the study; Terence Odoch and Clovice Kankya collected field data and samples, and were responsible for bacterial isolation procedure; Trine M. L'Abée-Lund, Yngvild Wasteson and Helge Christoffer Høgberg Hansen mobilized molecular laboratory reagents and supervised molecular laboratory procedures; Terence Odoch and Helge Christoffer Høgberg Hansen performed PCR and molecular subtyping techniques; Terence Odoch, Camilla Sekse and Yngvild Wasteson analyzed laboratory results; Terence Odoch, Yngvild Wasteson, Trine M. L'Abée-Lund and Terence Odoch wrote the paper with contributions from Clovice Kankya and Helge Christoffer Høgberg Hansen. All authors read and approved the final paper submitted.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
