*Article* **Resistance of** *Escherichia coli* **in Turkeys after Therapeutic or Environmental Exposition with Enrofloxacin Depending on Flooring**

**Bussarakam Chuppava 1, Birgit Keller 1, Amr Abd El-Wahab 2, Jessica Meißner 3, Manfred Kietzmann <sup>3</sup> and Christian Visscher 1,\***


Received: 27 July 2018; Accepted: 11 September 2018; Published: 13 September 2018

**Abstract:** Gaining knowledge about the spread of resistance against antibacterial agents is a primary challenge in livestock farming. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of double antibiotic treatment (at days 10–14 and days 26–30) with enrofloxacin or solely environmental exposition (identical times, directly into the litter) on resistance against antibacterial agents in commensal *Escherichia coli* in comparison with the control (without treatment), depending on different flooring. A total of 720 Big 6 turkeys participated in three trials. Four different flooring designs were examined: An entire floor pen covered with litter, a floor pen with heating, a partially slatted flooring including 50% littered area, and a fully slatted flooring with a sand bath. A total of 864 *Escherichia coli* isolates were obtained from cloacal swabs and poultry manure samples at days 2, 9, 15, 21, and 35. The broth microdilution method (MIC) was used to determine the resistance of isolates to enrofloxacin and ampicillin. A double antibiotic treatment with enrofloxacin reduced the proportion of susceptible *Escherichia coli* isolates significantly in all flooring designs. Simulation of water losses had no significant effect, nor did the flooring design. Ampicillin-resistant isolates were observed, despite not using ampicillin.

**Keywords:** flooring design; Turkey; antibacterial resistance; enrofloxacin; commensal *E. coli*
