*2.5. Data Analysis*

Drug susceptibility and gene detection data were generated, and entered into IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and bivariate analyses (cross-tabulations) for the susceptibility pattern of *E. coli* isolates from different samples were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of demographic features on antibiotic resistance. Resistance to different antibiotics was included as dependent variables, and age, sex, and other demographic parameters were included as independent variables in the model to adjust for confounding variables. Differences were considered statistically significant at *p* < 0.05. Results were also noted for the variation in coliforms load (in terms of CFU per 100 mL) in drinking water and wastewater. The results of the susceptibility pattern of *E. coli* and non-*E. coli* were correlated with the corresponding pattern and between human and environmental samples.
