**6. Conclusions**

Inorganic nanomaterials have emerged as promising materials in di fferent fields, including drug delivery, hard tissue regeneration and bio-imaging. Their exceptional properties, such as tunable stability, functionality, high surface area, and low inherent toxicity, make them the materials of choice for e fficient use in targeting. The development of NPs for the enhancement of suitable biomedical applications and decreasing the permeability of relapse is still to be achieved. Membrane materials are essential for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, targeted drug delivery, and other medical applications. The main properties of these membranes include having an average pore size of about a few μm to nm or less, with a narrow size distribution and even smaller thickness. In addition, the membranes also possess high flux, adequate mechanical strength, and chemical stability. It is also obvious that an interdisciplinary approach is important for developing membranes for diverse biomedical applications. As discussed in this article, advanced fabrication techniques are necessary to develop well-ordered, monodisperse, and ultrathin membranes. The market for inorganic NPs and membrane systems is expected to grow steadily in the future.

**Funding:** One of the authors (R.R.) wishes to express her sincere thanks for being in receipt of the DST-Inspire Fellowship, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
