**Gaps Analysis and Requirements Specification for the Evolution of Copernicus System for Polar Regions Monitoring: Addressing the Challenges in the Horizon 2020–2030**

**Estefany Lancheros 1,\* , Adriano Camps 1,\* , Hyuk Park <sup>1</sup> , Pierre Sicard 2,†, Antoine Mangin 2, Hripsime Matevosyan <sup>3</sup> and Ignasi Lluch <sup>3</sup>**


Received: 7 June 2018; Accepted: 6 July 2018; Published: 10 July 2018

**Abstract:** This work was developed as part of the European H2020 ONION (Operational Network of Individual Observation Nodes) project, aiming at identifying the technological opportunity areas to complement the Copernicus space infrastructure in the horizon 2020–2030 for polar region monitoring. The European Earth Observation (EO) infrastructure is assessed through of comprehensive end-user need and data gap analysis. This review was based on the top 10 use cases, identifying 20 measurements with gaps and 13 potential EO technologies to cover the identified gaps. It was found that the top priority is the observation of polar regions to support sustainable and safe commercial activities and the preservation of the environment. Additionally, an analysis of the technological limitations based on measurement requirements was performed. Finally, this analysis was used for the basis of the architecture design of a potential polar mission.

**Keywords:** Earth Observation (EO); satellite; sensors; platform; microwave radiometer; SAR; GNSS-R; optical sensors; polar; weather; ice; marine
