*3.11. Modelling and Simulation Tools*

Table 5 presents a summary of the most popular simulation tools, wherein tools such as Matlab/Simulink (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and MATPOWER have particular importance. Matlab is a numerical computing environment of 4th generation programming language, it can interface with other languages such as C, C++, C#, Java, Fortran, and Python. MATPOWER is an open-source tool that is used to simulate optimal power flows, which uses Monte Carlo to evaluate the performance of MG. Alternately, other tools such as GAMS, which is an optimization language for linear, nonlinear, and mixed programming, have been used by many authors to solve the uncertainty problem in energy managemen<sup>t</sup> and for optimal dimensioning of the microgrid. Other tools such as CPLEX have been employed, which is an optimizer based on the C language and is compatible with other languages like C++, Java, and Python.

**Table 5.** Simulation software and tools used in the managemen<sup>t</sup> of microgrids.


The simulation and modeling of microgrids has been analyzed with programs such as Simulink and PSCAD/EMTDC (Manitoba Hydro International Ltd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada). Both tools are used for power control and energy managemen<sup>t</sup> in microgrids.

Software such as HOMER (Pro Version, HOMER Energy LLC, Boulder, CO, USA), HOGA (or its updated version iHOGA) (Pro+ Version, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain), or HYBRID2 (University of Massachusets, NREL/NWTC, Golden, CO, USA) also deserve a mention, which can be used to optimize the operation and energy managemen<sup>t</sup> of hybrid systems with renewable energies.
