**2. Methodology and System Modeling**

Figure 1 shows the proposed microgrid system infrastructure; which consist of the WT, PV, PHES, and AC loads connected through an AC bus. The energy managemen<sup>t</sup> system is also included as the control center for the microgrid. The mathematical models that describe the behavior of each system component and the energy managemen<sup>t</sup> strategies deployed in this study are discussed below.

**Figure 1.** Proposed system model.
