**4. Applications of Nanoparticles**

In this section, some of the NPs applications are briefly described in order to understand their broad potentials. Although we have focused on nanomedical applications, we should not forget all those other important non-biological applications that have improved the quality of human life (https://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/) [86].

NPs have attracted grea<sup>t</sup> interest for nanobiotechnology applications (Table 1). The design of nanostructures controlling their surface properties is a strategy meant to achieve improved responses aimed at a medical application. Nano-biotechnology plays a central role in nanomedicine and other areas, which aspire to develop highly functional biosensors, molecular switches, and tissue analogs for organs of the body among others. The nano-biotechnological applications to disease treatment, diagnosis, monitoring by bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery have been referred to as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine holds significant potential to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.


### **Table 1.** Main applications of nanoparticles in nanomedicine.


**Table 1.** *Cont.*


**Table 1.** *Cont.*
