*5.7. Western Blot Analysis*

Cells were lysed in SDS buffer, and 10 μL of protein lysate sample was dissolved in 12% polyacrylamide gels and transferred onto Hybond ECL membranes (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA). Antibodies against P21WAF1 (Cell Signaling), cyclin B1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), cyclin D1 (Santa Cruz), CDK2 (Santa Cruz), CDK4 (Santa Cruz), caspase 3 (Cell Signaling), cleaved caspase 3 (Cell Signaling), and LC3-II (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were used to assess protein expression levels. A monoclonal anti-beta-actin antibody (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to evaluate beta actin expression as a protein loading control.
