*2.2. Cell Proliferation Assay*

The effect of drugs on cell proliferation was assessed using the Premix WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay System (Takara Bio) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Cell viability was normalized to the viability of vehicle-treated control cells (DMSO).

BrdU ELISA was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of EPI-002 on the proliferation of cells. LNCaP95-P, LNCaP95-C, and LNCaP95-DR cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or EPI-002 for 48 h, and BrdU incorporation was measured using the BrdU ELISA kit (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland).
