*3.1. Equilibrium Points:*

The model has only two equilibrium points in the feasible region, when it is compared to the IHDM. These equilibrium points are represented as follows:


$$\mu\_2 = (\beta^{-1}, \frac{\beta(1+m\beta)\sigma}{(1+m\beta)(\beta\delta+\mu)-\beta\rho}), \text{ where } 0 < \beta < 0.1.$$

**Remark 2.** *Mathematically, both the recovery and the coexistence stages are the same, but their meaning in terms of physiology is totally different. The stage of recovery follows the interaction stage, which means that point p*3 *represents the total of the population after the substitution of abnormal cells with normal cells. However, the point of u*2 *in the IUNHDM may mathematically indicate the coexisting population of both normal cells and abnormal cells, as suggested by [20]; this type of coexistence might trigger cancer [40].*

**Remark 3.** *This model does not have an equilibrium point for the interaction stage; this means that one of the following is true:*

