**5. Conclusions**

In conclusion, we observed the anti-obesity activity of EM01, which is an optimal mixed material containing *N. nucifera* L., *M. alba* L., and *R. sativus* in vitro and in vivo models. EM01 reduced lipid accumulation and weight gain, fat mass, serum lipid concentration, and mRNA expression levels of lipid-metabolism-related genes in HFD-induced obese mice. Therefore, our findings show that EM01 has potential as an effective material for anti-obesity treatment.

**Author Contributions:** W.-S.S., S.-I.C., B.-Y.C., S.-H.C., X.H., H.-D.C., J.-H.C., S.-H.K., B.-Y.L., I.-J.K. and O.-H.L. designed research; W.-S.S., S.-H.K. performed research and analyzed the data; W.-S.S., O.-H.L. wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded Technology Development Program (C1013823-01-01) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS, Korea).

**Acknowledgments:** This work was supported by the Technology Development Program (C1013823-01-01) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS, Korea); NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea) Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2018-Fostering Core Leaders of the Future Basic Science Program/Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program); The basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2017R1D1A3B06028469) and has been worked with the support of a research gran<sup>t</sup> from Kangwon National University in 2017.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
