**4. Hardware Assembly and Testing Results of the Proposed Induction Machine**

An old scrap inductor motor (IM) was used to verify the proposed concept. In Figure 6a the old IM is depicted and its windings are redesigned as shown in Figure 6b.

**Figure 6.** (**a**) Old scrap motor. (**b**) Redesigned winding arrangement for the proposed multifunctional motor. (**c**) Squirrel cage rotor (rotor of the old machine).

In Figure 6c the rotor of old machine which is a squirrel cage type is shown. In Table 3 the specifications of the old IM are given. Figure 7a depicts the hardware implementation of the stator winding of the proposed machine design. Figure 7b depicts the complete stator winding arrangement which consists of both windings. Figure 7c depicts the end terminals of the proposed designed machine. A conventional two wattmeter (W1 and W2) open circuit test (OCT) and blocked rotor test (BRT) are performed on the three-phase and single-phase induction motor to calculate its efficiency. The multiplying factor is calculated for three-phase and single-phase operation by using Equation (8). Tables 4 and 5 describes the OCT and BRT results of the proposed IM as a three-phase induction motor and single-phase induction motor, respectively.

**Figure 7.** Design of the proposed induction machine: (**a**) hardware implementation of the stator winding; (**b**) complete stator winding arrangement; (**c**) proposed induction machine end terminal connection.


**Table 3.** Parameters of the old induction machine (IM).

**Table 4.** Testing of the three-phase proposed induction machine (IM).


**Table 5.** Testing of the single-phase induction machine (IM).


In Tables 4 and 5, *VO* is the line to line voltage, *IO* is the stator phase current, *VBR* is the stator line to line voltage in blocked rotor mode, *IBR* is the stator phase current in a blocked rotor mode, W1 and W2 are the readings of two wattmeters used in the OCT and BRT test. Table 6 shows the output voltage and current of the welding transformer which is sufficient to perform arc welding and Table 7 shows the output voltages of the phase converter at an input of 230 V. In Table 8 the welding transformer winding specifications are given.



**Table 7.** Output voltages of the phase converter.



**Table 8.** Welding transformer winding specifications.

For three phase operation:

Input power (*Pin*) = 1.7321 × 440 × 3.05 × 0.8 = 1860 W

Output power (*Pout*) = 1860 − losses (no load + block rotor) = 1860 − (360 + 160) = 1340 Hence, Efficiency ( ´η) = *Pout/Pin* × 100 = (1340/1860) × 100 = Efficiency ( ´η) = 72.64%

For Single phase operation:

Input power (*Pin*) = 220 × 10.5 × 0.8 = 1860 W Output power (*Pout*) = 1860 − losses (no load + block rotor) = 1860 − (680 + 520) = 660 W Hence, Efficiency ( ´η) = *Pout*/*Pin* × 100 = (660/1860) × 100 Efficiency ( ´η) = 35.48%

#### **5. Merits and Applications of the Proposed Induction Machine**

The following are the noticeable merits of the proposed induction machine:


The following are a few applications of the proposed induction machine.


#### **6. Conclusions**

A new winding scheme is articulated to utilize a three-phase induction machine for multifunctional operation. The proposed motor provides an operative solution for agricultural as well as industrial purposes because of rugged construction and less maintenance needs. The proposed winding scheme is adapted to utilize a three-phase induction machine as a three-phase induction motor, single-phase induction machine, and welding transformer and phase converter. This new design does not need any kind of special arrangement and can be constructed with small modifications of any standard three-phase induction motor. The proposed concept is verified by designing a motor by modifying the windings of an old induction motor (IM) and the proposed motor is well tested to find its efficiencies and the experimental results are provided in the article to validate the design and construction.

**Author Contributions:** Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Sonali A. Sabnis has developed the concept of the original proposal and designed, performed the real time implementation. Frede Blaabjerg provided the guidelines for theoretical validation in line with the developed theoretical background. Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Lucian Mihet-Popa, Vigna K. Ramachandramurthy provided the support for technical validation for the mathematical background and validation with results. All authors contributed equally for articulate the research work in its current form as full research manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
