**15. Conclusions**

EVs have great potential of becoming the future of transport while saving this planet from imminent calamities caused by global warming. They are a viable alternative to conventional vehicles that depend directly on the diminishing fossil fuel reserves. The EV types, configurations, energy sources, motors, power conversion and charging technologies for EVs have been discussed in detail in this paper. The key technologies of each section have been reviewed and their characteristics have been presented. The impacts EVs cause in different sectors have been discussed as well, along with the huge possibilities they hold to promote a better and greener energy system by collaborating with smart grid and facilitating the integration of renewable sources. Limitations of current EVs have been listed along with probable solutions to overcome these shortcomings. The current optimization techniques and control algorithms have also been included. A brief overview of the current EV market has been presented. Finally, trends and ways of future developments have been assessed followed by the outcomes of this paper to summarize the whole text, providing a clear picture of this sector and the areas in need of further research.

**Acknowledgments:** No funding has been received in support of this research work.

**Author Contributions:** All authors contributed for bringing the manuscript in its current state. Their contributions include detailed survey of the literatures and state of art which were essential for the completion of this review paper.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
