*2.9. Statistical Analysis*

One-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests were applied to the 24 h crystal violet, ROS and DAPI datasets, and a Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test was applied to the 24 h ROS control data using GraphPad Prism, GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed to examine the e ffect of 1–3 h exposure and reagen<sup>t</sup> concentration on ROS production. These statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistics software (V22.0 IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was set at *p* ≤ 0.05. All experiments were performed as three independent replicates, and all data expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
