**5. Conclusions**

Bee bread at 0.5 g/kg/day significantly improved Lee obesity index, TC, LDL, atherogenic index, aortic oxidative stress status (oxLDL and MDA levels), aortic antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx activities), and FAS level in HFD-induced obese rats. These findings were in accordance with our findings on en face aortas, which showed an absence of atherosclerotic plaque and lower size of adipocyte. Hence, it is plausible to sugges<sup>t</sup> that bee bread has anti-atherogenic property, possibly partly due to the presence of phenolic compounds which have high antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic properties. However, further study is needed to investigate the exact molecular mechanisms of actions that contribute to the anti-atherogenic properties of bee bread.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.M.; data curation, Z.A.O. and M.M.; investigation, Z.A.O.; methodology, M.M., L.N., and W.S.W.G.; histology supervision, N.A.M.Y.; original draft preparation, Z.A.O.; writing—review and editing, M.M., L.N., W.S.W.G., and N.A.M.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by a USM Short Term Research University Grant (304/PPSP/61313189).

**Acknowledgments:** Authors would like to thank all staff from the Physiology Department (Aminah Che Romli, Normawati Ahmad, and Umeer Rahimi) for the technical support and the School of Dental Science for providing the stereomicroscope.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
