*3.1. Data Collection*

We used the harmonized OECD/INFE questionnaire of adult financial literacy (OECD/INFE 2015c) to ensure comparability with studies of other countries. The questionnaire includes questions about individual information (such as gender, age, income, occupation, and other sociodemographic information) and questions about financial literacy and financial inclusion. ADBI translated the OECD/INFE questionnaire into Khmer and Vietnamese and conducted cross-checks with Cambodian and Vietnamese teams from Indochina Research Ltd. to ensure the correctness of the translation.

The surveys were conducted by Indochina Research Ltd. under the direction of the Asian Development Bank Institute. Data collection was conducted in October and November 2016. Multilevel stratification was used. Cambodia was divided into five geographical regions (including Phnom Penh, Coastal, Plain, Mountain, Plateau and Mountain, and Tonle Sap) and Viet Nam into six geographical regions (including Northern Highland and Midland, Red River Delta, Northern and Coastal Central, Central Highland, South East, and Mekong River Delta). For Cambodia, we selected Phnom Penh plus two randomly chosen provinces from each of the other four regions. For Viet Nam, we selected Ha Noi (the capital city) and Ho Chi Minh City (the economic hub), plus two provinces each in the Red River Delta and South East areas, and three provinces in other regions. In each province, the provincial city was selected to represent the urban population while we randomly selected one rural district (in Cambodia) or one or two rural districts (in Viet Nam) for the rural sample. In each district, we randomly selected the communes and individual households based on simple sampling procedures. In Cambodia, there were 1035 respondents from nine cities/provinces, and in Viet Nam, there were 1000 respondents from 18 cities/provinces. Details of the sample distribution are given in Appendix A.
