2.1.1. Information Availability

Availability of appropriate climate change adaptation information for smallholders often varies by geography and culture. For example, public media and personal experience form dominant information sources amongs<sup>t</sup> Vietnamese farmers [48]. Conversely, in India, farmers rely on external experts such as non-governmental agricultural research for advice, despite their long histories of traditional knowledge [49]. Less formal agricultural knowledge transfer takes place through face-to-face interactions and verbal communication via mobile phones in rural communities [49]. Television, radio, agriculture offices/departments, neighbours and progressive farmers provide the most useful information sources, at least in part due to exposure and availability [50]. Further, the availability of precise and timely weather-based agro-advisory messages are useful in making informed and cost-saving decisions regarding cultivation conditions [27].
