**4. Conclusions**

In this study, we assessed the value of fixed adaptation (no distinction between the years) and tactical adaptations based on pre-sowing plant available water (PAW) and/or SOI forecasts to increase productivity at given sites. Overall, with our current knowledge, it appears that yield gains can be made from improving cultivar and managemen<sup>t</sup> strategy both regardless of climate forecast (fixed adaptation), and as a tactical adaptation to pre-sowing soil water conditions and climate forecasts. The benefits of PAW and SOI tactical adaptation could be useful for farmers to adjust farm managemen<sup>t</sup> practices according to the season, and may be improved with new forecasting climate methods such as the newly developed ACCESS-S model.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/6/3/77/s1. Figure S1: Cumulative probability distributions of 'summer' average temperature for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S2: Cumulative probability distributions of 'summer' maximum temperature for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S3: Cumulative probability distributions of 'summer' minimum temperature for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S4: Cumulative probability distributions of 'winter' average temperature for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S5: Cumulative probability distributions of 'winter' maximum temperature for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S6: Cumulative probability distributions of 'winter' minimum temperature for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S7: Cumulative probability distributions of 'summer' total rainfall for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S8: Cumulative probability distributions (probability of exceedance) of 'winter' total rainfall for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S9: Probability of last frost day and first heat day for the three SOI classes, singly and combined ('all years'), Figure S10: Simulated yield advantage of fixed adaptation over the baseline scenario, Figure S11: Simulated yield advantage of PAW tactical adaptation scenario over fixed adaptation scenario, Figure S12: Simulated yield advantage of SOI tactical adaptation scenario over fixed adaptation scenario, Figure S13: Simulated yield advantage of PAW & SOI tactical adaptation scenario over fixed adaptation scenario.

**Author Contributions:** B.Z., S.C. and K.C. conceived and developed the ideas; B.Z. and K.C. performed the data analysis; B.Z., S.C. and K.C. wrote the paper.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** This research was funded by the CSIRO and the University of Queensland.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
