*2.5. Economic Analysis*

#### 2.5.1. Estimation of the Costs of Each Technique

The production input of each technique consists of water (*W*), tillage (*T*), seed (*S*), labor (*L*), fertilizer (*F*), insecticide (*P*), herbicide (*H*), harvest (*V*), and land rental (*R*). The total production cost [*C*(*Qi*)] for each technique is the sum of production input costs Equation (1).

$$\mathcal{C}(Q\_{\bar{i}}) = (\mathbb{C}\_{W} \times \mathbb{W}\_{\bar{i}}) + (\mathbb{C}\_{\mathcal{T}} \times \mathcal{T}\_{\bar{i}}) + (\mathbb{C}\_{s} \times \mathbb{S}\_{\bar{i}}) + (\mathbb{C}\_{L} \times L\_{\bar{i}}) + (\mathbb{C}\_{\mathcal{F}} \times \mathcal{F}\_{\bar{i}}) + (\mathbb{C}\_{P} \times P\_{\bar{i}}) + (\mathbb{C}\_{H} \times H\_{\bar{i}}) \tag{1}$$

$$+ (\mathbb{C}\_{V} \times V\_{\bar{i}}) + (\mathbb{C}\_{R} \times R\_{\bar{i}})$$

where *i* is each technique, *C*(*Q*) is the cost of crop production, in Baht ha−1, and *CW*, *CT*, *CS*, *CL*, *CF*, *CP*, *CH*, *CV*, and *CR* are costs of water management, tillage, seed, labor, fertilizer, insecticide, herbicide, harvest, and land rental, in Baht−<sup>1</sup> unit, respectively.

In addition, the specific details of the methods used to estimate the costs of each technique are described below.
