**5. Conclusion Remarks**

Remote sensing is among the most fascinating frontiers of science and technology that are constantly improving our understanding of PAs. PAs are by no means uniform entities and have a wide range of managemen<sup>t</sup> aims and are governed by many stakeholders. Advances in remote sensing have helped gather and share information about PAs at unprecedented rates and scales. There are many new and exciting applications for remotely sensed data that contribute to the better informing managemen<sup>t</sup> of PAs. The achievements through the applications of science and technologies, the challenges, the lessons learned and the recommendations for the remote sensing of PAs deserve further attention [127].

The subjects and contents of the articles collected in this Special Issue reflect the state-of-the-art of remote sensing technologies for: capturing the dynamics of ecosystem variations; the evaluations of available sensors, data and the new development of integrated approaches; the methods for processing advanced remote sensing and time series data; and the integration of multisource and open source data. These studies contributed in the monitoring of PAs from the perspectives of in situ measurements, habitat assessments, socio-economic development, policy and managemen<sup>t</sup> factors, and in inventory and practical implementations. The applications of monitoring from biospheric, atmospheric, hydrospheric and societal dimensions reflect the advantages of remote sensing in habitat mapping and biodiversity conservation, in the detection of e ffects from natural and anthropogenic disturbances, as well as in revealing uncertainties for the assessment of the resilience and sustainability of PAs and the mitigation approaches under the changing environments.

#### **Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** As the Guest Editors, we appreciate the professionalism and support from all contributors, editors, and reviewers for their efforts and dedication toward the advancement of remote sensing in monitoring of protected areas with the publication of this Special Issue.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
