*3.3. Catalyst Characterization*

TEM images of the Ru supported catalysts were recorded on a FEI Tecnai Transmission Electron Microscope at 200 kV with samples deposited on a carbon support. EDS analysis was performed with an Oxford INCA system. Surface areas of the supported catalysts were determined by nitrogen sorption measurements at liquid nitrogen temperature on a Micromeritics ASAP 2020. Samples were outgassed in a vacuum at 150 ◦C for 4 h prior to the measurements, and the total surface areas were calculated according to the BET method.
