2.2.5. *IL-1beta*, *IL-6*, and *TNF-alpha* mRNA Expression

Since the effects of the surgery, and consequently of the TRPA1 antagonist, on the transcript levels were seen mainly at the ipsilateral side, the cytokines mRNA expression was not evaluated contralaterally.

Interleukin *(IL)-1beta*, *IL-6*, and tumor necrosis factor *(TNF)-alpha* mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in all the areas under evaluation in the IoN-CCI1 group compared with Sham1 and Sham2 groups (Figure 6). Such increases were significantly reduced after treatment with ADM\_12 in IoN-CCI rats (IoN-CCI2 group) in the same regions (Figure 6).

**Figure 6.** mRNA expression of *IL-1beta* (**A**), *IL-6* (**B**), and *TNF-alpha* (**C**) in ipsilateral TG and CSC, and in medulla in toto. Data are expressed as mean + SEM. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test, \*\*\* *p* < 0.001 vs. Sham1 and Sham2, ◦◦◦ *p* < 0.001 vs. IoN-CCI1, # *p* < 0.05 vs. Sham1.
