*3.1. Plant Materials*

Ginseng berry was harvested from three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng cultivated in a local farm (Healthy Sam-Farm, Jeonbuk, Korea) every week from July 1 to July 30, 2017. Dried ginseng berry of 25 g was extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature for 72 h. After removing ethanol, residual water part was freeze-dried and then stored at −70 ◦C before analysis.

#### *3.2. DPPH Free Radical Assay*

Antioxidant activity was determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Briefly, 1 mL sample solution (final concentration: 1–20 mg/mL; dissolved in DDW) was added to 0.4 mM DPPH sample solution (1 mL; dissolved in methanol) and then vortex-mixed. The resultant mixture was allowed to react at room temperature in the dark for 10 min. Its absorbance at 517 nm was then measured using a microplate reader (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). DPPH free radical scavenging activities of samples in terms of their IC50 (μg/mL) values were evaluated. Vitamin C was used as a positive control.
