**4. Conclusions**

The present study demonstrated that antioxidant and anti-elastase activities tended to increase as berries ripened from the first week to the last week of July in both three- and four-year-old ginseng berry extracts, and the contents of ginsenosides except Rg1 tended to be the highest in four-year-old ginseng berries harvested in early July. These findings indicate that biological activities and ginsenoside profiles of ginseng berry extracts are dependent on their age and harvest time in July, suggesting the importance of harvest time in developing functional foods and medicinal products of ginseng berry extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the influence of harvest time on biological activity and ginsenoside contents of ginseng berry extracts.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, S.-Y.S., D.-H.P., I.-S.Y., and S.-S.C.; Formal analysis, S.-Y.S., D.-H.P., S.-W.S., K.-M.P., C.-S.B., H.-S.S., E.I., S.H.R., I.-S.Y., and S.-S.C.; Funding acquisition, I.-S.Y. and S.-S.C.; Investigation, S.-Y.S., D.-H.P., S.-W.S., H.-G.K., J.-H.L., G.Y., J.-H.S., E.I., S.H.R., I.-S.Y., and S.-S.C.; Methodology, S.-Y.S., D.-H.P., S.-W.S., K.-M.P., C.-S.B., H.-S.S., H.-G.K., J.-H.L., G.Y., J.-H.S., I.-S.Y., and S.-S.C.; Writing—original draft, S.-Y.S., D.-H.P., I.-S.Y., and S.-S.C.; Writing—review and editing, S.-W.S., K.-M.P., C.-S.B., H.-S.S., H.-G.K., J.-H.L., G.Y., J.-H.S., E.I., S.H.R., I.-S.Y., and S.-S.C.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) gran<sup>t</sup> funded by the Korean governmen<sup>t</sup> (MSIP; Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (grant No. NRF-2017R1C1B5015187).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors have declared that there is no conflicts of interest.
