**9. Conclusions**

MaRs belong to the most recently uncovered family of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators with pro-resolving activity in the amelioration of inflammation. The activation of MaRs in macrophages enhances phagocytosis and helps to reverse inflammatory pain by shifting cytokine release to an anti-inflammatory state. However, M1/M2 macrophage imbalance, reduced SPM formation, impaired synthesis of DHA, and aging reduce and generally impair the resolution of inflammation under pathological conditions. MaRs have been shown to alleviate this deficiency by reversing and improving the function of macrophages (Figure 4). However, the specific receptors and signaling mechanisms involved in the ability of MaRs to resolve inflammation must be investigated in order to fully establish their important role in the treatment of inflammation in various diseases.

**Figure 4.** Maresins regulate macrophage phenotype and resolution of inflammatory pain. Maresins (MaRs) improve M2 macrophage function, shifting cytokine release to an anti-inflammatory profile and thereby facilitating the resolution of inflammatory pain.

**Acknowledgments:** This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) gran<sup>t</sup> (NRF-2017M3C7A1025600, NRF-2017M3A9E4057929, and NRF-2014S1A2A2028387) funded by the Korean governmen<sup>t</sup> (MSIP). All authors approved the final manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
