*2.3. Mitochondrial ROS Production*

Oxidative stress levels were evaluated by APF and MitoSox-Red in which the former represented intracellular oxidative stress and the latter measured the mitochondrial oxidative stress. As shown in Figure 4, we found no significant increase in ADSCs isolated from both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. ROS-induced DNA damage was also determined in ADSCs using 53BP1 foci, a surrogate marker for DNA double-strand breaks. While spontaneous DNA damage was detected in all ADSCs, there was no excess amount of DNA damage even in ADSCs obtained from HIV-infected patients.

**Figure 4.** Oxidative stress levels in ADSCs. Intracellular oxidative stress level was measured by APF, and mitochondrial damage was quantified by MitoSox-Red. Gray boxes indicate the mean amount observed in the cells from HIV-uninfected patients, while white boxes indicate that observed in the cells obtained from HIV-infected patients. Bars indicate S.D.
