*3.1. Biosynthesis of SPMs*

SPMs are bioactive autacoids enzymatically produced from the omega-6 fatty acids arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); they include lipoxins (LXs), resolvins (Rvs), protectins (PDs), and maresins (MaRs) generated via the action of lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome p450 (CYP450) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes usually found in different cell types residing in inflammatory environments [62,63]. Although many cell types can produce SPMs, immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, are reported to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of these SPMs [24,64,65] (Figure 1) [66].

**Figure 1.** Biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
