*4.6. ROS Measurement*

Intracellular ROS levels were detected using CellROX green reagent (#C10444, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Cells were stained according to the manufacturer's instructions. Imaging and quantification of cellular ROS levels were performed using the CX7 High-Content Screening (HCS) System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA). For H2-DFFDA assay, hCPCs were harvested using Accutase (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, CA, USA) and incubated with 10 μM carboxy-H2-DFFDA at 37 °C in the dark. After washing with PBS, the cells were resuspended in 100 μL of FACS buffer. The intracellular ROS level was assessed based on the fluorescence intensity of the cells.
