*3.1. Materials*

The targeted feedstock was gases derived from plastic pyrolysis, which are largely composed of unsaturated HC. The initial step, which is presented in this work, was the use of ethylene as a representative molecule.

UGSO—upgraded slag oxide—is a residue of the UGS process, which has been developed by RTIT to produce, from ilmenite, the world's richest titanium slag (95% of TiO2). This mining residue is composed largely of Fe, Al, and Mg oxides as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) elemental analysis shown in Table 10. To produce a reforming catalyst, the UGSO is doped with Ni [30]. Blank experiments have shown that UGSO itself has no significant catalytic activity [30].


a The balance is oxygen.

**Table 10.** Average elemental analysis of the upgraded slag oxide (UGSO) residue [30].
