**8. Conclusions**

Attempts were made to perform qualitative and quantitative failure analyses of the PHILOS construct in this paper. This study clarifies that there are several factors that, together, caused the mechanical and clinical failures of the system summarized below.


The finite element simulation of the plate validated the loading conditions and regions of stress development that supported the visual and fractographic examinations causing the physical failure of the PHILOS system.

**Acknowledgments:** Allen Jackson, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio provided access to the SEM facility.

**Author Contributions:** Farah Hamandi performed the SEM analysis and texture related research, mechanical tests, and the theoretical aspects of the paper. Richard Laughlin performed the revision surgery and removed the device components. Tarun Goswami, led this research study, recruited students, verified the analytical methods and edited or written the body of the paper.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
