*4.6. Data Analysis*

All statistical analyses were done using R software version 3.3. NanoString data preprocessing and normalization, followed by di fferential expression analysis, were performed using the DEseq2 [44] package and in-house scripts [45]. The mean value of negative controls was set as the lower threshold for each sample; only miRNAs with at least 50% of their values above the lower threshold were included in downstream analysis. miRNAs displaying absolute fold-change ≥1 with a false-discovery-rate [FDR] of 5% were considered to be di fferentially expressed. Gene and disease enrichment analyses were performed using the clusterProfiler [46] package. miRNA–target interaction analysis was done using the multimiR package [47].

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/5/250/s1, Figure S1: qPCR validation of Nanostring results. Figure S2: PCA analysis of mRNA expression. Table S1: (a) Expression comparison of all expressed miRNAs between ricin and control groups. (b) Expression comparison of all expressed mRNAs between ricin and control groups. Table S2: Di fferentially expressed miRNAs between ricin and control groups.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, N.P. and N.S.; Methodology, N.P., L.F. and N.S.; Software, L.Y., N.P. and G.S.; Validation, D.H., M.G, L.F. and N.P.; Writing-Original Draft Preparation, N.P. and N.S.; Writing-Review & Editing, N.P. and N.S.; Visualization, N.P.; Supervision, N.S.; Funding Acquisition, N.S.

**Funding:** Israeli Ministry of Defense, O ffice of Assistant Minister of Defense for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense; The Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics at Tel Aviv University.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank investigators from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics at the Israel Institute for Biological Studies for providing the biological specimens from intoxicated mice. We thank Avital Luba Polsky for commenting on our manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
