**The Conundrum of Carbon Trading Projects towards Sustainable Development: A Review from the Palm Oil Industry in Malaysia**

**Tengku Adeline Adura Tengku Hamzah 1, Zainorfarah Zainuddin 1,\*, Mariney Mohd Yuso**ff **1, Saripah Osman 1, Alias Abdullah 2, Khairos Md Saini 1 and Arno Sisun 1**


Received: 22 July 2019; Accepted: 6 September 2019; Published: 13 September 2019

**Abstract:** Palm oil's utilization as a renewable energy (RE) source has led the governmen<sup>t</sup> to intervene by introducing emission reduction projects. Carbon trading projects are part of the strategic direction adopted within the climate mitigation plan and sustainability drive in the palm oil industry. The perquisites and opportunities encountered within emissions trading are expected to aid palm oil producers economically, environmentally, and socially. This study addresses and analyses how the carbon trading projects' targets in Malaysia can be achieved, the problematic, and pressing issues around their implementation and whether these projects are sustainable and create a positive impact. This paper is based on literature reviews and semi-structured interviews with expert palm oil producers in Malaysia. The findings have revealed that carbon trading implementation in Malaysia has delivered new insights towards the international climate policy approach on the feasibility and impact of long-term sustainability goals. However, the impact of the implementation needs support from the governmen<sup>t</sup> for further development. In conclusion, the major contribution of this study is that the carbon trading implementation in Malaysia complies with the objectives and principles of sustainable development and creates a significant influx in investment for Malaysia's economic growth.

**Keywords:** carbon trading; palm oil producer; renewable energy; economy; sustainable development; clean development mechanism; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Malaysia
