**1. Introduction**

Currently, one of the most important challenges to achieve food security is the intensification of global food production. Most surveys and research efforts in agriculture focus on crop production. However, these analyses do not take into account the instability of yield over time or the variability and reliability of cereal production over the years [1]. As the global population continues to grow, agricultural production must also keep pace with it. Over the upcoming 40 years, agricultural emissions will increase by approximately 60% so that humanity can be supplied with food in appropriate quantity and quality. Various studies predict strong population growth within 30 years [2]. According to Röös et al. (2017) that number will be approximately 9–11 billion by 2050 [3] but the number is disproportionate in terms of territorial distribution as it is mostly based on urbanized environments [4]. Concerns about food production are not unfounded. Scientific and technological innovations beat Malthus' predictions in 1798 over the long run and increasing food production has met with the increasing food demand of the growing population. To continue to prove Malthus wrong in the future

will require serious e fforts, especially in terms of agricultural livestock production [5]. If current global processes continue and population growth tendencies remain unchanged, another 2.4 billion people will live in developing countries by 2050 (in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the population is expected to grow steadily). The size of urbanized areas is expected to increase threefold between 2000 and 2030 [6]. In these regions, agriculture is of outstanding national economic importance. In total, 75% of the world's poorest people live in rural areas, where agriculture is their most important foundation of subsistence [7]. Nevertheless, on average, over 20% of the population living in rural areas is su ffering from food supply security problems [8]. Satisfying the demand requires increased productivity, structural changes in the livestock sector and the need to increase animal products [9]. According to forecasts, the average daily intake per capita is projected to exceed 3000 kcal globally by 2050 to reach 3500 kcal in developed countries and to exceed 2500 kcal even in the poorest sub-Saharan areas [10].

The demand for food, feed and crops with high fiber content is constantly increasing. So, there is increasing pressure on the already "impoverished" arable land and freshwater resources. The size and proportion of land used to produce food and feed depend largely on the evolution of global eating habits and the achievable average yields. The production of raw materials for the Western diet (involving high meat, dairy and egg consumption), which is becoming more widespread in the world, poses serious environmental challenges [11]. In addition to the competition between food and feed production, the increasing utilization of biomass also has a significant impact on land use and water management. The global food sector is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Therefore, the volatility of energy markets might have a significant direct impact on food prices and an indirect impact on the security of food supply [7].

The issues presented above have been under intensive research for several decades, surrounded by disputes in many cases. Di fferent drives of food supply and security form a complex network, with strongly interconnected factors. The complexity of this network poses a major challenge for interested parties and requires close cooperation between parties to resolve the issues. Despite the overwhelming scientific results, some of the related areas are discussed based on emotion and by taking a subjective approach. Synthesizing scientific results and presenting them in an accessible manner may provide novel insight for related parties. This research is a comprehensive review about these issues and the possible solutions.
