**4. Results and Discussions**

The survey forms distributed to 1080 respondents from eight cities of Pakistan, Karachi, Hyderabad, Larkana, Lahore, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Quetta, and Peshawar. A sample of 927 individuals consisting of professionals, university students, and homemakers responded to the survey, which presented a response rate of 86 percent. The main demographic variables included in this study are gender, religious identity, and age, level of education, monthly income, marital status, and employment status. Table 1 exhibits the frequencies and corresponding percentages of each demographic variable.


**Table 1.** Demographics.


**Table 1.** *Cont.*

As Table 1 indicates, of the 927 respondents, 542 were male, and 385 were females. The age group of 18 to 24 was the largest, with over half of the respondents 58 percent. About 48 percent had a monthly income between PKR 40,001–64,000 (equivalent to US\$310–497). Concerning academic qualifications, the majority had a postgraduate degree (57 percent). Most were single (71 percent), 42 percent were employed full time, and 42 percent resided in Karachi, followed by Lahore (with 30 percent).

### *4.1. Factor Loading and Path Analysis*

The framework of this research tested in SPSS and AMOS 23.0 version. Analysis of a multi-stage SEM (structural equation modeling) process comprising of measurement and structural model conducted by path analysis [85,86]. Moreover, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) test has explored several factors for this study. Almost forty factors recognized with the commonalities greater than 0.5. Table 2 illustrates the results obtained through factor analysis. Furthermore, the sphericity and KMO tests recognized a significant relationship between the variables to authenticate the operationalization of factor analysis [86,87] as shown in Tables 3 and 4.


**Table 2.** Component matrix with rotations.


**Table 2.** *Cont.*

**Table 3.** KMO analysis Bartlett's sphericity test.



### **Table 4.** Total variances.
