*Article* **Environmental Determinants of a Country's Food Security in Short-Term and Long-Term Perspectives**

### **Alina Vysochyna 1, Natalia Stoyanets 2, Grzegorz Mentel 3,\* and Tadeusz Olejarz 4**


Received: 10 April 2020; Accepted: 14 May 2020; Published: 16 May 2020

**Abstract:** About 10% of the world population suffered from hunger in 2018. Thereby, the main objective of this research is the identification of environmental drivers and inhibitors of a country's food security in the short and long run. The Food Security Index (FSI) was constructed from 19 indicators using Principal Component Analysis. Identification of the short- and long-run relationships between the FSI and environmental factors was realized with the pooled mean-group estimator for 28 post-socialistic countries for 2000–2016. Empirical research results showed that a country's food security in the short run is affected by greenhouse gas emissions but boosted by the increase of renewable energy production. Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, electrification of rural populations, access to clean fuels, renewable energy production, arable land, and forest area growth might be essential tasks in order to ensure countries' food security in the long-run.

**Keywords:** food security; food availability; food access; food stability; food utilization; environmental determinants; sustainable development
