**7. Discussion and Suggestions**

As food security is the focus of the whole society, it is of grea<sup>t</sup> importance. The legal system of supervision is the source of food security problems and thus is the most important of aspect of food security. Based on the comparative study of Mainland China and Taiwan, it was found that there were similarities and di fferences in the legal system of food security supervision between Mainland China and Taiwan. In view of this, the researchers put forward the following opinions and suggestions about the current legal system of food security supervision in Mainland China and Taiwan.

### *7.1. Suggestions for Food Security in Mainland China*

In view of the current food security problems in Mainland China, this paper considers that it should establish a scientific, rational, advanced, and sound food security supervision system, learn from Taiwan's "product-management-oriented, stage-management-supplemented" food security supervision model, and change the current situation of unclear powers and responsibilities of various departments, di fferent divisions of labor, and low e fficiency of supervision [45–47].

(1) One suggestion is to deepen and refine relevant food security laws, such as clarifying the relevant unclear legal interpretation in the Food Security Law.

(2) In order to inform people, it could be a good idea to realize a specific international system for the rigorous evaluation of human health and environmental consequences [21]. This entails standardizing food security certification activities, improving the food recall system, establishing a food security liability insurance system, and formulating strict food security standards, which could be strictly implemented with reference to Taiwanese or European and American standards.

(3) Another suggestion is to foster diversified food security intermediary organizations with powerful supervision, improve their legal status, strengthen their supervision and restraint mechanisms, improve their role of social supervision, and form a four-in-one supervision system involving government, enterprises, intermediaries, and individuals.

(4) Another suggestion is to formulate strict punishment measures, increase the intensity of punishment, and combine fines and corporal punishment, with multiple and more severe penalties for more serious offenses.

(5) Another suggestion is to establish an incentive system to encourage consumers to report illegal acts, bring out public enthusiasm to participate in food security, and give full play to their supervisory role.

(6) Civil education cultivated appropriately would enforce civil awareness, as well as public cognition of crisis prevention [20,48], providing moral education to food companies and raw material suppliers and popularizing and advocating food security knowledge among consumers to solve food security problems in a two-pronged way [21].

### *7.2. Suggestions for Food Security in Taiwan*

In view of the abovementioned food security problems in Taiwan and the analysis results, this paper considers that the key point of response to these problems is to formulate the basic laws for the promotion of food security, review and revise Taiwan's existing cumbersome and decentralized food security regulations, and integrate them into a set of transparent, consistent, and comprehensive food security regulations [45,49,50].

(1) Food security legislation must cover every stage of food production and should be extended to the scope of animal feed. This is because only by ensuring feed security can it guarantee the security of livestock and poultry products, and also indirectly guarantee the security of consumers. Regulations should clearly specify that during the process of food production and marketing, suppliers of each production and marketing supply chain should bear the responsibility for the security of the food or raw materials they provide. Illegal food suppliers should be severely penalized and exposed to severe criminal liability.

(2) A special administrative body should be set up to coordinate all food security businesses so as to take effective food security managemen<sup>t</sup> measures to safeguard public health and restore consumers' confidence in the security of food sold in Taiwan; for example, further integrating food security and hygiene regulatory bodies to centralize the power of food security and hygiene supervision, establishing the Food and Drug Administration, and reclaiming the business of imported food inspection from the Label Inspection Authority.

(3) Introduce third-party inspection: Inspection fees of all of the food on the shelves can be paid by consumers themselves to transfer the inspection fee to consumers by means of increasing the prices of commodities by the inspection cost, so that consumers can buy assurance and producers cannot counterfeit it.

(4) Improve and strictly control the food "production resumé" policy: The so-called "production resumé" system refers to the establishment of a "traceability system" to track the information of raw material ingredients, production, processing, circulation, sale, date, and other stages of food and to mark related information on the products. After the establishment of this system, on the one hand, consumers can understand the relevant ingredients and service life of the food; on the other hand, once the food has problems, we can immediately identify the crux of the problem from relevant information and deal with it properly, which will play an important role in ensuring food security in Taiwan.

(5) The governmen<sup>t</sup> should strengthen food knowledge regarding security education advocacy and moral education, help to teach food producers at basic levels to follow good farming practices, help food processors to abide by good operation practices and instructions, and help food cooks to follow good hygienic practices and habits [20]. Food security knowledge, education, and training should be provided to producers at each stage of the food supply chain in order to prevent the generation of harmful residues during the food production process and avoid harm to consumers' health and the environment [21,22].
