*4.1. Experimental Condition*

As a precision turning experiment, medium-carbon steel S45C with ∅45 mm × 250 mm, 100 mm clamping length, and a disposable tool were, respectively, used as the research targets and the cutting tool. The cutting blade was model NX2525, manufactured by Mitsubishi, and the tool holder was model WTJNR2020K16, manufactured by Toshiba. With the control parameter range recommended by the blade manufacturer, the cutting speed was between 150–300 m per minute, the cutting depth was 1–4.5 mm, and the feed rate was 0.17–0.45 mm per revolution, the experiment setting was listed in below.


The cutting parameters, according to the above, are shown in Table 14.


