2.3.4. E-Communication by Using E-Information and E-Mailing

With Internet development, a new way of communicating entered the new cybernetic space, i.e., communication through e-mail which supposes information exchange and depends on the one using it, the program used, the moment of transmitting and receiving, and the answers given [24].

Some people use other languages and grammar suffers [23] (p 1) in order to reduce the time for writing, calling it the phenomenon of "ne-etiquette" [58] (p 15). According to international statistics, in January 2017, the number of e-mails sent daily was 269 billion and, in 2019, there were 306.4 billion; the number of e-mail users worldwide in the same year was 2.67 billion, and in 2018 it was 3.8 billion [51]. E-mail has had an important influence on the workplace since the late 1990s. Some of the effects of this type of communication were positive at work, and others reduced the benefits of face-to-face communication. At the EU28 level, we observed that 71% of individuals between 16 and 74 years old used the Internet to send and receive e-mails; and in countries such as Denmark (93%), Louxemburg (93%), Norway (92%), Netherlands (90%), Sweden (88%), and Romania was in the final place with 42% [51]. As a result of using e-mail communication, the paper consumption was lower, thus, making organizations more responsible.

### 2.3.5. E-Development

E-development is clearly a product of more general development. E-development solutions can be costly, with a high failure rate but with important results, i.e., achieving better productivity, efficiency, and quality of life; staying attractive, competitive, and innovative [59]; having better relationships with customers; and having better trade and delivery of services. E-development uses the Internet or Intranet [60] to receive guidance and new knowledge; to improve sharing and a two-way development as a win-win situation; or to use simulation in order to improve future performance [61] (p 229). Better results for employees and organizations with better development and training has made organizations sustainable.

The data recorded at the EU28, in 2019, show that individuals use the Internet to do an online course (considered the e-development activities) as follows:


### **3. Research Methodology**

Many factors influence the e-activities, such as the degree of ICT adoption or the nature of the used networks [63] as the skills necessary for sustainable human capital, proven by the fact that many processes were influenced by the use of the Internet. However, none of the studied articles analyzed the relationships between the described e-skills and e-activities, especially between countries, by years or against the best-in-class. The data on these processes were extracted from the European level (from the official site of Eurostat.com for Science, technology and digital society Internet use) presented between 2015 and 2019. The main objective was to show the relationship between e-skills and e-activities based on the principle that by having e-skills, the employees from the new e-work age will achieve sustainable performance in e-activities, such as e-recruitment, e-development, e-communication, e-banking, and e-commerce. Moreover, due to the fact that these e-activities are influenced by the detained level of e-skills, the correlation function was chosen, in order to measure the impact of e-skills on the analyzed e-activities. The analysis started from the comparison by years between Romania and the average of the EU28 countries and the best-in-class group (formed by the four European countries which repeatedly got the highest values on e-activities on years). With the use of benchmarking, the difference between Romania and the EU28 level was determined, as well as the best-in-class, making reference to e-skills and e-activities. Thus, among the best-in-class, the following countries were selected: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, and Sweden.

Some research hypotheses were established as follows:
