9.2.3. Crowd Sensing

The goal of explorer agents (sent out by mobile or light devices) is information mining in the outside world via Internet deployed agent processing platforms that can be accessed by simulation nodes and WEB browser Apps. The collected information is passed back to the root node (e.g., a mobile device of a passenger) to assist decision making and navigation.

The explorer agents have to estimate the position of the root node by performing sensor mining from surrounding devices they are visiting and from the outside world (far away) by asking questions answered by humans via the WEB App chat dialogue. An example dialogue of the explorer agent is shown below in Example 2. The explorer asks a user for its current place and location within a region of interest and an assessment of the current light situation. Depending on the answer a specific action is suggested.

**Example 2.** *Survey job defining a dialogue for an explorer agent that migrates to mobile devices (smart phones) to participate in a chat dialogue with the user of the mobile device. The aim is to get environmental perception. Finally, an action function evaluating the survey is executed to deliver data.*

```
job = { 
 script:[ 
 {question:'Where are you?', 
 choices:['Street 1','Street 2','Street 3', 
 'Anywhere','Other place']}, 
 {question:'How do you rate ambient light?', 
 choices:['Dark','Good','Bright'], 
 cond: function (s) { 
 return s[0].answer && 
 s[0].answer.indexOf('Street')==0}, 
 {message:'Thank you!' 
 ], 
 action: function (script) { 
 var place; 
 switch (script[0].answer) { 
 case 'Street 1': 
 case 'Street 2': 
 case 'Street 3': 
 place=script[0].answer; break; 
 } 
 if (place) switch (script[1].answer) { 
 case 'Dark': return {light:150,place:place}; 
 case 'Bright': return {light:50,place:place}; 
 } 
 } 
}
```
Based on answered questions regarding the current user location, the satisfaction of ambient light condition, and an optional fusion with device sensor data (light, position, etc.), actions are directed to smart light control devices to change the light condition in streets and buildings by using mobile notification agents. The action planning is based on crowd demands and energy-saving constraints. If action is required, mobile notification agents are sent out to neighbouring nodes to change light intensity based on directed diffusion, random walk, and divide-and-conquer approaches.
