**5. Conclusions**

Approximately one third of community-dwelling older adults with a history of falling were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition at baseline, and nearly one fifth improved nutritional status at 6-month follow-up. Improvement in nutritional status, based on increase in the MNA score over 6

months, was associated with improvement in physical performance, based on increase in the SPPB score over time. Larger intervention studies are required to ascertain causality and to evaluate specific nutritional interventions and models of care to improve nutritional status and functional recovery in older adults at risk for falls.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/7/1551/s1, Table S1: The Charlson age-comorbidity index (CACI), Table S2: Cross-sectional associations of baseline nutritional status with baseline musculoskeletal outcomes.

**Author Contributions:** R.C. and G.D. conceived and designed the study; S.P., E.G., and G.D. were involved in data collection and quality control; R.C. and G.D. coordinated the ethics application, R.C. analyzed the data, under the supervision of S.V., and wrote the first draft of the paper; W.S.-L. and B.T. helped interpreting the data; all authors contributed to the critical revision of the paper and approved the submitted version.

**Funding:** This study was funded by the Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS). Romy Conzade received a PhD scholarship from the 'Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes'. The funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank all patients attending the Falls and Fractures Clinic for their extraordinary commitment and good will. We also thank Liz Liberts for her guidance on the ethics application process, Solange Bernardo for her assistance with the assessments of the participants, and Florian Schederecker for sharing his expertise on longitudinal data analysis.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
