*4.7. Adyc3*

The adenylate cyclase type 3 (*Adcy3*) gene encodes type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3 [133]), which is coupled to some odorant receptors [130]. Both *Adyc3* and *<sup>G</sup>*α*olf* are required for sensory transduction in the MOE (Table 1; [133]). *Adyc3* is also expressed in several brain regions, including the amygdala and MPOA (Table 1; [130]), suggesting a potential role in parental behavior. Female genetic knockouts for *Adyc3* and *<sup>G</sup>*α*olf* show impaired pup retrieval, nest building and huddling behaviors [68,130]. These responses are likely a consequence of an inability to detect pup odor cues [130]. Similarly, male *Adyc3*-/- males are anosmic, and unable to detect pup odors (Table 1), suggesting that cAMP plays a role in olfactory signaling in males [134]. Interestingly, aggression may also be mediated by *Adyc3*, as female *Adyc3*-/- mice are not aggressive to an intruder that represented a threat to pups, and were not aggressive towards alien pups [130]. It is further possible that motivation to provide paternal care is driven by dopamine through modulation of dopamine type 1 (D1) receptor-dependent cAMP signaling by *<sup>G</sup>*α*olf* (Table 1; [135]).
