**4. Conclusions**

In this study, transparent electrodes for LCDs were fabricated with SWNT thin films by the LBL method to replace conventional ITO electrodes. SWNT LBL films with lower than 1.3 k Ω of electrical resistance and greater than 85% of optical transparency were fabricated by repetitive immersion of the substrate into positively and negatively charged polyelectrolyte solutions. The nematic LCs were uniformly aligned by spin coating a VA PI film on the prepared LBL electrode. The POM images of the VA LCD cell using the LBL electrode confirmed that the LC molecules were uniformly aligned. Moreover, the number of bilayers did not influence the homeotropic alignment of the nematic LC materials. Also, LCD cells using the proposed electrode exhibited V-T characteristics similar to that of VA LCD cells using the conventional ITO electrode, with its on/off state depending on the application of voltage. Due to the high electrical resistance of the LBL electrode, the response speed characteristics of the LCD device using the LBL electrode were slower than that of the LC display using the conventional ITO electrode. However, as the number of BLs increased, the threshold voltage and response time tended to be closer to that of the ITO electrode and the response speed became faster. These results demonstrated the potential of the LBL thin films as good alternatives to ITO films as transparent conducting electrodes for LCDs. The combination of simple processing and good optoelectronic performance should make SWNT LBL thin films very promising for future display applications.

**Author Contributions:** G.M., Y.T.P., and J.H.L. conceptualized the phenomenon. Y.T.P. and J.H.L. designed the project. G.M., W.J., I.S., and H.A.C. conducted the experiments. All authors wrote the manuscript and analyzed the data. Y.T.P. and J.H.L. supervised the whole project.

**Funding:** This work was financially supported by the Mid-career Researcher Program (No. 2017R1A2B4006104) through a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) gran<sup>t</sup> funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP). This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) gran<sup>t</sup> funded by the Korea governmen<sup>t</sup> (MSIT) (No. NRF-2018R1A5A1024127).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
