*2.2. Chibuluma Road and Kitwe-Chingola Road*

After the validation, assessments were also conducted on the Chibuluma and Kitwe-Chingola Roads. The TPAM was undertaken on an approximately 800 m section of the Chibuluma Road and a 135 m section of the Kitwe-Chingola Road to predict the layer(s) responsible for rutting failure.

The two roads were chosen due to the high levels of traffic and the high degree of rutting on the selected sections (see Figures 8 and 9). Chibuluma Road is used by heavy traffic to bypass the central business district of Kitwe, while Kitwe-Chingola Road is a key route connecting the two towns and goes further to the Kasumbalesa border and the mining region of the northwestern province. The two roads are interconnected somewhat, in that the heavy traffic that passes through Chibuluma Road eventually uses Kitwe-Chingola Road to connect to the Kasumbalesa border or the northwestern

province. A recent study found that the traffic levels on the two roads averaged over 35 million equivalent standard axles.

**Figure 8.** Profile measurements (Chibuluma).

**Figure 9.** Extent of rutting (Kitwe-Chingola).
