**4. Conclusions**

In this study, the center crack was selected, different models that reflect different welded joints with various material constraints were designed, and the effect range of the material constraint was studied. The main results obtained are summarized as follows:


**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.Y.; Methodology, J.Y.; Software, L.W.; Validation, J.Y. and L.W.; Writing-Original Draft Preparation, J.Y. and L.W.; Writing-Review and Editing, J.Y.

**Funding:** This research was funded by [National Natural Science Foundation of China] grant number [51605292].

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
