*3.2. Material Properties*

As shown in Figure 4, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and density were considered for both sheets and for the weld seam. These thermo-physical properties were obtained by adapting predefined material data of the available Visual-Weld database (R 13.5, ESI Group, Paris, France).

**Figure 4.** Thermo-physical material properties of the steel sheet, the aluminum alloy sheet and the weld seam: (**a**) thermal conductivity, (**b**) specific heat capacity, and (**c**) density.
