*2.5. Validation of the Computational Methods*

For validation of the current calculation, the monitoring line was set at 2.54 mm cross-section after the leaflets, as shown in Figure 3a. The opening angle of 85◦ was used. Comparisons of the velocity profiles along the monitoring line calculated by three different turbulent models (standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, and k-ω) under a 25 L/min flow rate are shown in Figure 3b. The velocity profile observed in previous experimental studies that considered a BMHV with similar geometry and the same flow condition [15,22] is also shown in the same figure. The comparison of the results illustrates that the results calculated by the k-ω model, in particular the velocity distribution near the leaflets, were in good agreement with the experimental data. The main differences between all of the computational results and the previous experimental data are located in the vicinity of the trailing edges. Considering the fact that this study mainly focused on the flow field near the leaflets, the k-ω model was chosen for simulation.

**Figure 3.** Comparisons of the velocity profiles between the simulation results by different turbulent models and the experiment results [15,22]. (**a**) Monitoring line at 2.54 mm cross-section after the leaflets. (**b**) Current simulation results and previous experimental data for velocity profiles.
