*2.5. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA)*

A Nanosight 300 instrument (Malvern Instruments, Westborough, MA) was calibrated with 100 nm polystyrene latex microspheres (Magsphere Inc., Pasadena, CA, USA) and used to analyze HSC EVs that were diluted to 107–108 particles/mL in PBS. Each EV sample was analyzed in duplicate and mean particle concentration and size were estimated with v3.2 analytical software (Malvern Instruments). Recordings were performed at room temperature with a camera gain of 15 and a shutter speed of 4.13 ms. The detection threshold was set to 6.
