**5. Conclusions**

In conclusion, MeJA treatment decreased inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. The improvement of oxidative stress occurred in consequence of reduced inflammation associated with increased antioxidant defenses. On the other hand, MeJA induced the hexokinase (HK) detachment from the brain mitochondria of both healthy and arthritic rats a phenomenon that can diminish glucose phosphorylation and metabolism in the brain. The effective doses of MeJA were relatively high, but the results of the present study make this compound a potential

precursor for developing anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Finally, future investigations may take into account the role of Nfr2 in the actions of MeJA and the perspective of modifications in the metabolism of glucose in the brain tissue.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.F.C. and A.B.S.-N.; investigation, H.V.P.-M., J.F.C., L.S.C., L.B., F.M.S.S. and G.A.G.; resources, J.F.C., A.B., R.M.P.; data curation, C.A.B.-A., A.B.S.-N. and J.F.C.; writing—original draft preparation, A.B.S.-N. and J.F.C.; writing—review and editing, A.B. and R.M.P..; visualization, A.B.; funding acquisition, J.F.C. and A.B.S.-N.

**Funding:** This work was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [Grant number: 40974720165].

**Acknowledgments:** Authors wish to thank the financial support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
