*4.5. Nephroprotective Activity*

*M. koenigii* has been used as a nephroprotective agent in a diabetic-induced rat model [9]. The *M. koenigii* leaf extract was found to be efficient in maintaining normal levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total serum protein, serum Na+, urine output, urinary creatinine, urinary urea, total urinary protein, and urinary Na+. Furthermore, the *M. koenigii* extract maintained the standard pattern in in vivo antioxidants, renal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histopathology of kidneys against unilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, the extract of *M. koenigii* was clearly demonstrated to be useful in treating kidney disorders in rats [112]. The nephroprotective activity of *M. koenigii* was elucidated in experimental investigations, which showed decreased levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). An *M. koenigii* extract is efficient against cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity, which was clearly revealed through the maintenance of high levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the cyclophosphamide-treated group [28]. *M. koenigii* protective activity has been shown to induce significant dose-dependent decreases in serum urea and creatinine levels, as well as marked increases in the levels of plasma antioxidant capacity, in diabetic rats, compared to controls. More noteworthy is the histological integrity of kidneys, which showed comparable tissue regeneration induced by the aqueous extract [9].
