*2.1. Chemicals*

All standard compounds used for chromatographic quantifications (47885-U, 2-deoxyglucose, α, β, γ, and δ tocopherols, oxalic, quinic, malic, ascorbic, citric, and fumaric acids, from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); tocol, from Matreya (Pleasant Gap, PA, USA); chlorogenic acid, *p*-coumaric acid, apigenin-6-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, and luteolin-6-C-glucoside, from Extrasynthèse (Genay, France); and aloin, from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA)) and bioactivity assays (trolox, kojic acid, dexamethasone, ellipticine, streptomycin, and ketoconazole, from Sigma-Aldrich) had a purity level of at least 95%. All other reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from common sources.
