**5. Conclusions**

The current review summarizes the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of *M. koenigii*. *M. koenigii* is a source of several bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, polyphenol, terpenoids, and flavonoids. *M. koenigii* and its derivatives appear to exhibit appreciable pharmacological activities, like anticarcinogenic, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. The molecular mechanisms underlying these activities of *M. koenigii* and its derivatives are due to their diversified role in combinations of cell signaling pathways at multiple levels in various diseases. *M. koenigii* and its derivatives mitigate oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and cognitive dysfunctions. However, like other polyphenols, to a certain extent, *M. koenigii* activities are limited by its bioavailability and in such conditions, enhancement of the efficiency should be conducted. Therefore, future studies need to include more experimental studies on bioavailability and efficiency enhancement in clinical investigations.

**Author Contributions:** R.B., writing—original draft preparation; D.V., writing—review and editing; S.-H.J., table preparation; P.G., validation; I.S.-K., interpreted the figures; D.-K.C., supervision of the review and approval of the final draft. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2018R1C1B6005129 and 2020R1A2B5B02002032)

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
