*4.4. Immunomodulatory Activity*

The immune system makes a network and regulates processes important for maintaining the health of an organism by hindering the entry and invasion of microbes. Impairments in the immune system lead to conditions from chronic inflammation to cancer [109]. In an investigation on the humoraland cell-mediated immune response to ovalbumin, the immunomodulatory activity of a methanolic extract of *M. koenigii* leaves was evaluated using a carbon clearance test. A considerable increase in the NO production indicated the increased phagocytic activity of macrophages. The *M. koenigii* extract holds promise as an immunomodulatory agent, which acts by stimulating humoral immunity and the phagocytic function [110]. The *M. koenigii* leaf extracts were reported to have certain effects in regulating mice immunology related to oxidative stress metabolism. An *M. koenigii* leaf extract can exhibit an immunomodulatory effect through which it can regulate the oxidative stress metabolism in diabetic mice [111].
