**Heloisa V. Pereira-Maróstica 1, Lorena S. Castro 1, Geferson A. Gonçalves 1, Francielli M.S. Silva 2, Lívia Bracht 1, Ciomar A. Bersani-Amado 2, Rosane M. Peralta 1, Jurandir F. Comar 1, Adelar Bracht <sup>1</sup> and Anacharis B. Sá-Nakanishi 1,\***


Received: 10 July 2019; Accepted: 4 October 2019; Published: 15 October 2019

**Abstract:** Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), common in the plant kingdom, is capable of reducing articular and hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. This study investigated the actions of orally administered MeJA (75–300 mg/kg) on inflammation, oxidative stress and selected enzyme activities in the brain of Holtzman rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. MeJA prevented the arthritis-induced increased levels of nitrites, nitrates, lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also prevented the enhanced activities of myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase. Conversely, the diminished catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione (GSH) levels caused by arthritis were totally or partially prevented. Furthermore, MeJA increased the activity of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase, which helps to supply NADPH for the mitochondrial glutathione cycle, possibly contributing to the partial recovery of the GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. These positive actions on the antioxidant defenses may counterbalance the effects of MeJA as enhancer of ROS production in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A negative effect of MeJA is the detachment of hexokinase from the mitochondria, which can potentially impair glucose phosphorylation and metabolism. In overall terms, however, it can be concluded that MeJA attenuates to a considerable extent the negative effects caused by arthritis in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress.

**Keywords:** adjuvant-induced arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; methyl jasmonate; brain mitochondria; hexokinase; oxidative stress
