**Elaboration and Characterization of Active Apple Starch Films Incorporated with Ellagic Acid**

**Juan Manuel Tirado-Gallegos 1, Paul Baruk Zamudio-Flores 1,\*, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz 1, Claudio Rios-Velasco 1, Guadalupe Isela Olivas Orozco 1, Miguel Espino-Díaz 1, Ramiro Baeza-Jiménez 2, José Juan Buenrostro-Figueroa 2, Miguel Angel Aguilar-González 3, Daniel Lardizábal-Gutiérrez 4, María Hernández-González 5, Francisco Hernández-Centeno <sup>5</sup> and Haydee Yajaira López-De la Peña <sup>5</sup>**


Received: 18 September 2018; Accepted: 23 October 2018; Published: 27 October 2018

**Abstract:** Apple starch films were obtained from apples harvested at 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after full bloom (DAFB). Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability (WVP) were evaluated. The apple starch films at 70 DAFB presented higher values in the variables of tensile strength (8.12 MPa), elastic modulus (3.10 MPa) and lower values of water vapor permeability (6.77 × <sup>10</sup>−<sup>11</sup> g m−<sup>1</sup> <sup>s</sup>−<sup>1</sup> Pa<sup>−</sup>1) than apple starch films from apples harvested at 60, 80 and 90 DAFB. Therefore, these films were chosen to continue the study incorporating ellagic acid (EA). The EA was added at three concentrations [0.02% (FILM-EA0.02%), 0.05% (FILM-EA0.05%) and 0.1% (FILM-EA0.1%) *w*/*w*] and compared with the apple starch films without EA (FILM-Control). The films were characterized by their physicochemical, optical, morphological and mechanical properties. Their thermal stability and antioxidant capacity were also evaluated. The FILM-Control and FILM-EA0.02% showed a uniform surface, while FILM-EA0.05% and FILM-EA0.1% showed a rough surface and insoluble EA particles. Compared to FILM-Control, EA modified the values of tensile strength, elasticity modulus and elongation at break. The antioxidant capacity increased as EA concentration did. EA incorporation allowed obtaining films with higher antioxidant capacity, capable of blocking UV light with better mechanical properties than film without EA.

**Keywords:** active films; thermogravimetric analysis; UV protection; X-ray diffraction
