**2. Materials and Methods**

#### *2.1. Protein Expression*

For the recombinant expression of LUMS1, the gene encoding for LUMS1 amino acid sequence was synthesized through commercial facilities (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ, USA), sub-cloned into pET32a expression vector, subsequently expressed in a bacterial system (BL21 strain), and purified through different chromatographic techniques including nickel-affinity, size exclusion, and ion exchange chromatography. For the expression of the 15N-labelled protein, the transformed bacteria were grown in minimal media supplemented with 15N-ammonium chloride as the only source of nitrogen. The purified protein was transferred into PBS buffer of pH 7.4 for all biological assays, and into 20 mM phosphate buffer containing 50 mM NaCl for NMR experiments, through dialyses using dialysis membrane of 3.5 KDa cutoff (Slide-A-Lyzer™ MINI Dialysis Device, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) [19].
