*2.5. Drug Resistance Genotype Interpretation*

Drug resistance genotype interpretation was performed using the Calibrated Population Resistance (CPR) tool on the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database [27–29], which identifies mutations conferring resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2009 list of mutations for surveillance of pretreatment HIV drug resistance [24].

#### *2.6. Statistical Analysis*

Statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism (version 8, San Diego, CA, USA). The dependent variable was PDR (yes/no) for NRTI, NNRTI. or any resistance. Associations between PDR and sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were assessed using Fisher's exact test for categorical independent variables and the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous independent variables. *p*-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

#### **3. Results**
