*2.1. Cell Culture and Virus*

African green monkey kidney cells (Vero, ATCC-CCL-81) and baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21, ATCC-CCL-10) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and cultured and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented by 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ◦C. *Aedes albopictus* C6/36 cells (ATCC CRL-1660) were cultured and maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin in a 5% CO2 incubator at 27 ◦C. The JEV P3 strain (GenBank: U47032.1) was stored in our laboratory and was propagated and titrated on BHK-21 cells. ZIKV-MR-766 strain (GenBank: AY632535.2) was kindly provided by Dr. Xiaowu Pang (College of Dentistry, Howard University, USA) and was propagated and titrated on Vero cells.
