**7. Conclusions**

Owing to whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing technologies, greater information of the non-coding sequences in the genome has been uncovered. Various pharmacotreatment strategies have been employed for hypertension, but due to the complexity of the disease, there still exists room for greater understanding of the disease mechanism and better therapeutic drug treatment. There are more studies that have been performed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in normal vasculature, the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The current findings of miRNA have shown that there is a promising way to modulate the miRNA expression and its repressing action. The understanding of lncRNA is still in its infancy and requires greater work to understand its molecular mechanism. However, both miRNAs and lncRNAs could be detected in urine, blood and plasma, which allows them to be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. More research is needed to overcome the listed limitations for the miRNA mechanism for usage in future therapy.

**Acknowledgments:** This work is supported by NIH Grants 1R01 HL115195-01 (Hongyu Qiu) and 1R56HL137962 (Hongyu Qiu).

**Author Contributions:** Christiana Leimena and Hongyu Qiu wrote the manuscript and approved the final version.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
