*2.2. Traumatic Theory*

Other triggers of FMD may include arterial wall stress [12,14], as it was observed that cyclic vascular wall stretch increased synthesis of matrix components by smooth muscle cells [16,17]. It has also been hypothesized that FMD might result from renal artery traction due to nephroptosis [15] or repetitive micro-traumas of the vascular wall induced by excessive arterial pulsatility [18]. However, longitudinal studies that would allow proving or disproving these hypotheses are lacking.
