*Review* **Kruppel-Like Factor 15 Is Critical for the Development of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy**

**Sheila K. Patel 1,\*, Jay Ramchand 1,2, Vincenzo Crocitti <sup>1</sup> and Louise M. Burrell 1,2**


Received: 9 April 2018; Accepted: 24 April 2018; Published: 27 April 2018

**Abstract:** Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and is often present in patients with hypertension. Treatment to reduce blood pressure and regress LVH is key to improving health outcomes, but currently available drugs have only modest cardioprotective effects. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of LVH may lead to new therapeutic targets in the future. There is now compelling evidence that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is an important negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy in both experimental models and in man. Studies have reported that loss or suppression of KLF15 contributes to LVH, through lack of inhibition of pro-hypertrophic transcription factors and stimulation of trophic and fibrotic signaling pathways. This review provides a summary of the experimental and human studies that have investigated the role of KLF15 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. It also discusses our recent paper that described the contribution of genetic variants in *KLF15* to the development of LVH and heart failure in high-risk patients.

**Keywords:** Kruppel-like factor 15; left ventricular hypertrophy; cardiac hypertrophy; heart failure; genetics of left ventricular hypertrophy
