*2.3. Smart Grid Requirements*

Smart grid software is characterized by highly interconnected, multi layered, enormous computations, and huge data traffic and security issues [14]. DERs in GTDU sub-systems and active stakeholder participation in grid operations enable intelligent features like load control, demand response, etc. The functional features are realized with the algorithms and interfaces, as defined in the requirements. Deriving smart grid requirements is the first step towards realizing its architecture [12,14–16]. Smart grid software architecture is designed to realize the requirements broadly listed in Table 2.


