3.5.2. Swarming

The *E. Coli* and *Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)* bacteria show group behavior in which stable spatiotemporal swarms are formed in a semisolid nutrient medium. The group of *E. Coli* bacteria surrounded by a semisolid matrix with a single chemo-effector place themselves in the travelling ring, thereby moving up the nutrient gradient. The cells will release an attractant aspartate when it gets simulated by a high level of succinate, and with the help of this, the bacteria will form into groups and will move as concentric patterns of swarms with a high bacterial density.
