*4.1. Communication-Based Methods*

Communication-based methods allow to achieve accurate and reliable assessment of the islanding conditions. Otherwise, considering the number of PVSs to be managed and the power size, the required equipment can vary [82,83]. Hence these solutions are not common in case of low voltage and low power residential PVSs. The communication-based methods can be classified in: power line carrier communication (PLCC) methods, Supervisory Control Moreover, data acquisition (SCADA)-based methods.
