**Ming-Liang Yen 1, Hao-Ming Hsiao 2, Chiung-Fang Huang 3,4, Yi Lin 5, Yung-Kang Shen 3,6,\*, Yu-Liang Tsai 6,7, Chun-Wei Chang 8, Hsiu-Ju Yen 9, Yi-Jung Lu <sup>9</sup> and Yun-Wen Kuo <sup>9</sup>**


Academic Editor: Saber AminYavari

Received: 23 August 2017; Accepted: 20 October 2017; Published: 26 October 2017

**Abstract:** This study investigates the results of cell cultures on aluminum (Al) templates with flat-structures, micro-structures, nano-structures and micro/nano-structures. An Al template with flat-structure was obtained by electrolytic polishing; an Al template with micro-structure was obtained by micro-powder blasting; an Al template with nano-structure was obtained by aluminum anodization; and an Al template with micro/nano-structure was obtained by micro-powder blasting and then anodization. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured on aluminum templates with various structures. The microculture tetrazolium test assay was utilized to assess the adhesion, elongation, and proliferation behaviors of cultured osteoblast-like cells on aluminum templates with flat-structures, micro-structures, nano-structures, and micro/nano-structures. The results showed that the surface characterization of micro/nano-structure of aluminum templates had superhydrophilic property, and these also revealed that an aluminum template with micro/nano-structure could provide the most suitable growth situation for cell culture.

**Keywords:** surface modification; micro-powder blasting; aluminum anodization; micro/nanostructure; cell culture
