*2.3. Solution Plasma Treatment*

A solution plasma treatment was performed in 150 mL of the mineralizing solution at 29 ◦C. A pulse plasma generator (MPP-NV04, Pekuris, Tokyo, Japan) was used and the polished-Ti and porous-Ti substrates were placed at a distance of 5 mm from the electrodes within a glass vial (Figure 1). Plasma was generated at a voltage of 5 V and pulse width of 3 μs for 30 min. The mineralizing solution was stirred using a magnetic stirrer (Ion Stir 7d, Central Kagaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at a rotational speed of 240 rpm. The duration of the solution plasma treatment was 30 min.

When the solution plasma surface modification technique was applied to "Ti-AT" and on "Porous-Ti-AT", they were named "Ti-AT-SPT" and "Porous-Ti-AT-SPT", respectively.

**Figure 1.** *Cont.*

**Figure 1.** Apparatus, electrodes, and specimen employed for the solution plasma treatment. The specimen was placed at a 5-mm distance from the electrodes in a glass vial containing 150 mL of the mineralizing solution. Plasma was generated at 5 V and 3 μm pulse width for 30 min. (**a**) Pulse plasma generator, Magnetic stirrer, Holder stand; (**b**) Electrodes (2 electrode having 0.5 mm distance between them; (**c**) The specimen holder is made of Duplicone and acrylic rods help to hold the specimen holder.
