**Francisco Brocal 1,\*, Cristina González 2, Genserik Reniers 3,4, Valerio Cozzani <sup>5</sup> and Miguel A. Sebastián <sup>2</sup>**


Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 5 October 2018; Published: 9 October 2018

**Abstract:** Manufacturing processes involving chemical agents are evolving at great speed. In this context, managing chemical risk is especially important towards preventing both occupational accidents and major accidents. Directive 89/391/EEC and Directive 2012/18/EU, respectively, are enforced in the European Union (EU) to this end. These directives may be further complemented by the recent ISO 45001:2018 standard regarding occupational health and safety management systems. These three management systems are closely related. However, scientific literature tackles the researching of these accidents independently. Thus, the main objective of this work is to identify and analyse the links and transitional spaces between the risk management of both types of accident. Among the results obtained, three transitional spaces can be pointed out which result from the intersection of the three systems mentioned. Similarly, the intersection of these spaces gives shape to a specific transitional space defined by the individual directives linked to Directive 89/391/EEC. These results are limited from a regulatory and technical perspective. Thus, the results are a starting point towards developing models that integrate the management systems studied.

**Keywords:** risk assessment; dangerous substance; Directive 89/391/EEC; Directive 2012/18/EU; ISO 45001:2018 standard; emerging risk; major accident; manufacturing; occupational accident; risk management
